le Bal des maudits (E. Dmytryk, 1958) ; Comme un torrent (V. Minnelli, 1959) ; Qui était donc cette dame ? (G. Sidney, 1960) ; l'Inconnu de Las Vegas (L. Milestone, id.) ; Quatre du Texas (R. Aldrich, 1963) ; les Inséparables (J. Donohue, 1965) ; les Quatre Fils de Katie Elder (H. Hathaway, id.) ; Bien joué Matt Helm (Murderer's Row, H. Levin, 1966) ; Cinq Cartes à abattre (Hathaway, 1968) ; Airport (G. Seaton, 1970) ; l'Équipée du Cannonball (Cannonball Run, Hal Needham, 1981).
MARTIN (Steve)
acteur et scénariste américain (Waco, Tex., 1945).
Célèbre à la télévision depuis 1969, Steve Martin est un produit de la pépinière « Saturday Night Live ». Séduisant, avec sa chevelure prématurément neigeuse, il est néanmoins un clown, qui perpétue la tradition d'un comique grimaçant et physique : le contraste entre sa séduction et les situations de slapstick qu'il rencontre engendre un décalage sur lequel il fonde la majorité de ses effets. Il a débuté au cinéma en 1977 et, malgré de nombreux succès commerciaux, il a rarement rencontré un cinéaste capable de le faire sortir d'une certaine facilité. On retiendra, plus que le délirant pastiche Les cadavres ne portent pas de costard (Carl Reiner, 1982), le curieux musical Pennies From Heaven (H. Ross, 1979), et surtout des compositions en finesse dans Portrait d'une famille modèle (R. Howard, 1989) ou dans le Père de la mariée (Charles Schyer, 1991), où il reprenait le rôle de Spencer Tracy. Roxanne (F. Schepisi, 1987), qu'il écrivit et supervisa de près, est une modernisation de Cyrano de Bergerac qui ne manque pas de sensibilité et qui montre que Steve Martin possède un registre très étendu. David Mamet lui a d'ailleurs permis de s'essayer à la composition sérieuse dans la Prisonnière espagnole (1998).
MARTINELLI (Elsa)
actrice italienne (Grosseto 1935).
Elle s'affirme comme mannequin grâce à son physique longiligne et à son visage anguleux. L'acteur et producteur américain Kirk Douglas remarque une photo d'elle dans Life et l'engage pour son western la Rivière de nos amours (A. De Toth, 1955). Elle revient en Italie pour interpréter un rôle érotique dans la Fille de la rizière (La risaia), un grand mélodrame de Raffaello Matarazzo, 1955. Monicelli crée pour elle le personnage sympathique de Donatella (1956), une comédie à la Lubitsch. Sa beauté élégante est exploitée en Italie et à l'étranger dans des films souvent mineurs, comme Manuela (G. Hamilton, 1957), La mina (Giuseppe Bennati, 1958), Costa Azzura (Vittorio Sala, 1959), le Capitan (A. Hunebelle, 1960). Elle obtient ses meilleurs rôles dans des personnages complexes comme ceux des Garçons (M. Bolognini, 1959), Et mourir de plaisir (R. Vadim, 1960), l'Inassouvie (D. Risi, 1961), Hatari (H. Hawks, 1962), le Procès (O. Welles, id.), Pelle viva (G. Finax, 1964), la Dixième Victime (E. Petri, 1965), Comment j'ai appris à aimer les femmes (Come imparai ad amare le donne, L. Salce, 1966), L'amica (A. Lattuada, 1969), Il garofano rosso (Luigi Faccini, 1976).
MARTOGLIO (Nino)
cinéaste et auteur dramatique italien (Belpasso 1870 - Catane 1921).
Surtout célèbre comme directeur de compagnies théâtrales siciliennes et auteur de pièces écrites pour Giovanni Grasso ou Angelo Musco (San Giovanni decollato, 1908 ; L'aria del continente, 1915), Martoglio ne se consacre au cinéma que pendant quelques années. En 1913, il est engagé par la Cines comme scénariste et metteur en scène. À la fin de la même année, il crée la Morgana Film et il tourne pour cette société Capitan Blanco (1914), Perdus dans les ténèbres (Sperduti nel buio, id.), Teresa Raquin (1915). Il abandonne alors le cinéma et se consacre uniquement au théâtre. Selon certains historiens, Perdus dans les ténèbres serait le film le plus caractéristique du vérisme cinématographique italien des années 10 (le film est aujourd'hui perdu).
MARTON (Endre Marton, dit Andrew)
cinéaste américain d'origine hongroise (Budapest 1904 - Santa Monica, Ca., 1992).
D'abord monteur, en Autriche, en Allemagne et en Grande-Bretagne, il accompagne dès 1922 Lubitsch à Hollywood, débute comme réalisateur en 1929 avec Two O'clock in the Morning, revient en Allemagne, où il est chef monteur, puis quitte le pays à l'arrivée des nazis. Après avoir travaillé un peu partout en Europe (Suisse, Hongrie, Grande-Bretagne), il retourne à Hollywood en 1940. Bien qu'il ait réalisé seul quelques films (Au pays de la peur [The Wild North], 1952, un bon western), c'est en collaboration qu'il s'est affirmé : en effet, Andrew Marton est l'un des grands réalisateurs de seconde équipe, spécialisé dans les séquences spectaculaires ou d'action. Il a coréalisé les Mines du roi Salomon (King Solomon's Mines, 1950) avec Compton Bennett, a été responsable de la fameuse course de chars de Ben Hur (W. Wyler, 1959) et a codirigé le Jour le plus long (1962).
MARTONE (Mario)
cinéaste italien (Naples 1959).
Révélé en 1990 au festival de Venise avec Mort d'un mathématicien napolitain(Morte di un matematico napoletano), Martone avait derrière lui une longue expérience de metteur en scène de théâtre à la tête d'une compagnie napolitaine, Falso Movimento, créée à son initiative en 1977; il s'était aussi essayé à la vidéo et avait réalisé un court métrage sur Naples au XVIIe siècle, Nella città barocca (1984). Son premier long métrage, consacré au suicide du mathématicien napolitain Renato Caccioppoli, neveu de Bakounine, révélait un talent de dramaturge et d'observateur des fêlures existentielles. Après d'autres expériences en vidéo et sur pellicule, Martone filme, en 1994, le spectacle qu'il a mis en scène avec la compagnie Teatri Uniti, Rasoi, une série de monologues inquiétants sur le drame quotidien de la ville. Avec l'Amour meurtri (L'amore molesto, 1995), il confirme un talent dramatique exceptionnel et donne à Anna Bonaiuto un rôle émouvant de jeune femme ne parvenant pas à se libérer d'un traumatisme de l'enfance et recherchant désespérément l'image d'une mère qui vient de se suicider. En 1997, il réalise un des quatre courts métrages réunis dans I Vesuviani avec La salita, l'ascension pleine de désillusion du Vésuve par le maire de Naples. L'année suivante, Théâtre de guerre (Teatro di guerra) relate la tentative d'une troupe de théâtre napolitaine pour monter une adaptation des Sept contre Thèbes d'Eschyle.
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