On notera qu'entre 1940 et 1970 trois films de fiction seulement sont réalisés grâce à la Pacific Films, une compagnie de Wellington dirigée par Roger Mirams et Alun Falconer dès 1948 puis par John O'Shea : Broken Barner (1952), Runaway (1964) et Don't Let It Get You (1966).
Ce n'est qu'au cours des années 1970 que le cinéma néo-zélandais suivant l'exemple de son voisin australien va prendre son essor. En 1978, la New Zealand Film Commission est instaurée afin « d'encourager la production nationale, de participer à sa promotion, à sa distribution et à son exploitation ».
Tandis que plusieurs coproductions se montent (ainsi Solo, 1978, de Tony Williams avec l'Australie, ou Furyo, 1983, de Nagisa Oshima avec le Japon et la Grande-Bretagne), les productions nationales s'imposent sur le marché intérieur mais également international. Plusieurs metteurs en scène sortent des rangs : ainsi Geoff Murphy (Wild Man, 1977 ; Goodbye Pork Pie, 1981 ; Utu, 1983), Roger Donaldson (Sleeping Dogs, 1977 ; Smash Palace, 1982), John Laing (Beyond a Reasonable Doubt, 1980 ; The Lost Tribe, 1984), Sam Pillsbury (The Scarecrow, 1982) ou Vincent Ward (Vigil, 1984 ; Navigator [The Navigator], 1988), et la production annuelle est en augmentation régulière à partir du début des années 80.
NOVAK (Marilyn Pauline Novak, dite Kim)
actrice américaine (Chicago, Ill., 1933).
Elle figure dans French Line (L. Bacon, 1954) et se laisse pousser au vedettariat par le producteur Harry Cohn. Sa beauté froide et son jeu dépourvu de spontanéité ne l'empêcheront pas de gravir les échelons, aidée par des réalisateurs compréhensifs comme Richard Quine (Du plomb pour l'inspecteur, 1954 ; Liaisons secrètes, 1960) ou capables de la diriger comme un mannequin (ainsi George Sidney dans Tu seras un homme mon fils, 1956 ; Un seul amour, 1957 ; la Blonde ou la Rousse, id.). Elle sera donc plus convaincante dans les rôles les plus énigmatiques (Sueurs froides, A. Hitchcock, 1958 ; l'Adorable Voisine, R. Quine, id., et l'Inquiétante Dame en noir, id., 1962 ; le Démon des femmes, R. Aldrich, 1968). Mais elle dessine une étonnante caricature dans Embrasse-moi, idiot (B. Wilder, 1964). Sa carrière s'estompe vers 1970.
NOVARO (María)
cinéaste mexicaine (Mexico 1951).
Parallèlement à ses études au Centre universitaire d'études cinématographiques (Université nationale autonome de Mexico), elle participe au tournage de films féministes, avant de se faire remarquer avec le court métrage Una isla rodeada de agua (1984) et un sketch de Historias de ciudad (1988). Le premier long métrage, Lola (1989), présente les charges de la maternité sans complaisance, dans l'environnement urbain de Mexico. Danzón (1990) s'en dégage pour mieux entamer un dialogue avec la tradition de la danse et de la chanson populaire, si prégnante dans le vieux cinéma mexicain : la protagoniste (María Rojo) part à Veracruz, port mythique et tropical, à la recherche de son partenaire de bal. El jardin del Edén (1994), au propos plus ambitieux et aux moyens plus conséquents, explore le mirage américain vu du côté mexicain de la frontière, mais ne retrouve pas le même succès auprès de la critique et du public. Elle signe ensuite Sin rastro (2000).
NOVARRO (Ramón Gil Samaniegos, dit Ramón)
acteur américain d'origine mexicaine (Durango 1899 - Hollywood Hills, Ca., 1968).
Il rivalise avec Valentino comme prototype du « latin lover » gominé, à travers une série de films de Rex Ingram (le Prisonnier de Zenda, 1922 ; Trifling Women, id. ; Scaramouche, 1923) et atteint une large consécration avec le rôle-titre de Ben Hur (F. Niblo, 1926). Son interprétation échappe rarement aux stéréotypes (le Prince étudiant, E. Lubitsch, 1927). Sa carrière décline à partir de l'avènement du parlant et ses rôles se font de plus en plus espacés : Mata-Hari (G. Fitzmaurice, 1932), la Comédie du bonheur (M. L'Herbier, 1942 [RÉ : 1940]), les Insurgés (J. Huston, 1949), Cas de conscience (R. Brooks, 1950), la Diablesse en collant rose (G. Cukor, 1960). Il fut découvert assassiné à son domicile en 1968.
NOVELLI (Amleto)
acteur italien (Bologne 1881 - Turin 1924).
Engagé dès 1908 par la Cines, Novelli devient en quelques années une des figures les plus caractéristiques du film historique. Avec son visage tourmenté et son jeu sobre, il interprète presque tous les grands films de Guazzoni (Quo Vadis ?, 1912 ; La Gerusalemme liberata, 1911 et 1918 ; Marc‘ Antonio e Cleopatra, 1913 ; Cajus Julius Caesar, 1914 ; Madame Tallien, 1916 ; Fabiola, 1917). Novelli joue également dans des films de Pastrone (Il conte Ugolino, 1909) et de Caserini (Giovanni dalle Bande nere et Catilina, 1910), Antamoro (Christus, 1916) ou Gallone (Malombra, 1916). À partir de 1918, on lui confie des rôles contemporains aux côtés de Francesca Bertini ou de Maria Jacobini.
NOVELLO (Ivor Novello Davies)
librettiste, scénariste et acteur britannique (Cardiff, pays de Galles, 1893 - Londres 1951).
Au théâtre, et à l'écran du muet, il est un pionnier du musical et d'un type très anglais de comédie, légère et brillante. Acteur de charme, il incarne le pasteur amoureux du mélodrame de Griffith, la Rose blanche (1923). Il passe sans effort du dialogue piquant à la Noël Coward aux expressions romantiques, qu'il soit l'auteur ou l'acteur, sinon les deux. De sa carrière cinématographique on doit retenir : l'Appel du sang (L. Mercanton, 1920, FR) ; The Lodger — où il est Jonathan Drew (A. Hitchcock, 1926) ; Downhill (id., 1927, US, INT. et SC.) ; Sleeping Car (A. Litvak, 1933). Parmi ses scénarios : le Triomphe du rat (The Rat, Graham Cutts, 1925, remake 1937) ; Free and Easy (G. Sidney, 1941, US) ; Au temps des valses (The Dancing Years, Harold French, 1950).
NOWICKI (Jan)
acteur polonais (Kawal 1939).
Après des études à la PWST, il est engagé par le théâtre Stary de Cracovie, et interprète notamment les Possédés (mise en scène de Andrzej Wajda), le Procès de Kafka, Vol au-dessus d'un nid de coucou, etc. Ses débuts à l'écran datent de 1965 dans Cendres, de Wajda (rôle du capitaine Wyganowski). On le verra ensuite, notamment, dans la Barrière (J. Skolimowski, 1966), la Troisième Partie de la nuit (A. Zulawski, 1972, rôle du mari rendu fou par la guerre), la Clepsydre (W. Has, 1973, rôle vedette de l'homme en quête de son identité), et dans de nombreux films de la Hongroise Martá Mészarós : Neuf Mois (1976), Elles deux (1978), Comme chez nous (id.), les Héritières (1980), Journal intime (1984), Journal à mes amours (1987), Journal à mon père et à ma mère (1990), les Filles de la chance (1999). Il a fait également carrière à la télévision : le Treizième Étage, Docteur Eva, Une nuit perdue.
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