Mauvaise Graine (1934) ; Uniformes et jupons courts (The Major and the Minor, 1942) ; les Cinq Secrets du désert (Five Graves to Cairo, 1943) ; Assurance sur la mort (Double Indemnity, 1944) ; le Poison (The Lost Week-end, 1945) ; la Valse de l'empereur (The Emperor Waltz, 1948) ; la Scandaleuse de Berlin (A Foreign Affair, id.) ; Boulevard du Crépuscule (Sunset Boulevard, 1950) ; le Gouffre aux chimères (Ace in the Hole/The Big Carnival, 1951) ; Stalag 17 (1953) ; Sabrina (id., 1954) ; Sept Ans de réflexion (The Seven Year Itch, 1955) ; l'Odyssée de Charles Lindbergh (The Spirit of St. Louis, 1957) ; Ariane (Love in the Afternoon, id.) ; Témoin à charge (Witness for the Prosecution, 1958) ; Certains l'aiment chaud (Some Like It Hot, 1959) ; la Garçonnière (The Apartment, 1960) ; Un, deux, trois (One, Two, Three, 1961) ; Irma la Douce (id., 1963) ; Embrasse-moi, idiot (Kiss Me, Stupid, 1964) ; la Grande Combine (The Fortune Cookie, 1966) ; la Vie privée de Sherlock Holmes (The Private Life of Sherlock Holmes, US-GB, 1970) ; Avanti ! (1972) ; Spéciale Première (The Front Page, 1974) ; Fedora (id., ALL-FR, 1978) ; Buddy Buddy (1981).
WILDER (Jerry Silberman, dit Gene)
acteur et cinéaste américain (Milwaukee, Wis., 1934).
Pierrot frisé et ébahi, il est propulsé vedette par les films de Mel Brooks (les Producteurs, 1968 ; Le shérif est en prison, 1973 ; Frankenstein Junior, 1974) : il y cultive un style comique assez original, qui mêle la rêverie, l'hystérie et même une certaine « normalité » inattendue qui le démarque nettement de son contemporain Woody Allen. Acteur de formation très classique (il a même étudié à l'Old Vic britannique), Wilder possède un large éventail de possibilités, comme le suggérait son premier, court mais remarquable rôle, dans Bonnie and Clyde (A. Penn, 1967), et le prouvent ses emplois sophistiqués dans des comédies à la fois élégantes et loufoques comme Transamerica Express (A. Hiller, 1976) ou Hanky Panky, la folie aux trousses (S. Poitier, 1982). Réalisateur, il a signé le film maladroit qu'est le Frère le plus futé de Sherlock Holmes (‘ The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes ’ Smarter Brother, 1975) et le film plus maîtrisé qu'est Drôle de séducteur (The World's Greatest Lover, 1977), lesquels définissaient bien son charme acidulé. Il est également l'auteur des Séducteurs (Sunday Lovers, 1981), de la Fille en rouge (The Woman in Red, 1984), Nuit de noces chez les fantômes (Haunted Honeymoon, 1986). Il est l'interprète de tous les films qu'il a lui-même mis en scène.
Autres films.
ACTEUR : Commencez la révolution sans nous (B. Yorkin, 1969) ; Tout ce que vous avez toujours voulu savoir sur le sexe... (W. Allen, 1972) ; Un rabbin au Far West (R. Aldrich, 1978) ; Faut s'faire la malle (S. Poitier, 1980) ; Pas nous, pas nous (A. Hiller, 1989) ; Funny About Love (Leonard Nimoy, 1990).
WILDER (Thornton)
scénariste américain (Madison, Wis., 1897 - Hamden, Conn., 1975).
Romancier et dramaturge important (Our Town, The Skin of Our Teeth, cette dernière montée par Kazan avec Tallulah Bankhead et Monty Clift), il a contribué à l'adaptation de certaines de ses œuvres comme Une petite ville sans histoire (S. Wood, 1940) ou la Meneuse de jeu (J. Anthony, 1958, qui deviendra Hello Dolly !). Mais rien ne vaut l'idée d'Alfred Hitchcock de lui confier l'écriture du scénario de l'Ombre d'un doute (1943) : Wilder y retrouve le monde faussement jovial de Our Town, mais encore aiguisé par le tranchant du ton et par sa dimension réellement et uniquement cinématographique.
Son charme et sa distinction, à la limite de la préciosité, le rendent très populaire en Grande-Bretagne grâce à des films comme Kipps (C. Reed, 1941), Cottage to Let (A. Asquith, id.), Service secret (H. French, 1942), Ceux qui servent en mer (D. Lean et N. Coward, id.) et, surtout, Un mari idéal (A. Korda, 1947). Alfred Hitchcock lui confie le rôle important de Charles Adare, aristocrate irlandais en visite en Australie dans les Amants du Capricorne (1949), puis celui de l'inspecteur de police du Grand Alibi (1950). Il incarne ensuite les personnages les plus divers : le journaliste enquêteur de l'Affaire Manderson (H. Wilcox, 1953), le musicien aveugle de la Madone gitane (C. Walters, id.), le prince charmant qui séduit Cendrillon dans la Pantoufle de verre (id., 1954), le pharaon Akhnaton dans l'Égyptien (M. Curtiz, 1954), l'officier britannique traditionnel de Zarak le Valeureux (T. Young, 1956). À partir de la Lame nue (M. Anderson, 1961), il se contente de rôles plus modestes dans le Meilleur Ennemi (Guy Hamilton, id.), Citoyen de nulle part (J. Sturges, 1963), Waterloo (S. Bondartchouk, 1970), Lady Caroline Lamb (Robert Bolt, 1972).
WILLAT (Irvin)
cinéaste américain (Stamford, Conn., 1890 - Santa Monica, Ca., 1976).
Acteur dès 1910, aux côtés de Mary Pickford, il dirige en 1916 la photo de Civilization, l'ambitieuse production de Thomas Ince. Avec The Zeppelin's Last Raid (1917), il signe son premier film important. Jusqu'à l'arrivée du parlant, il mène une carrière fructueuse, tournant chaque année plusieurs films de qualité, dans le registre de l'action et de l'aventure. Citons notamment : The False Faces (1919) ; Partners of the Tide (1921) ; The Siren Call (1922) ; Three Miles Out (1924) ; The Ancient Highway (1925) ; Paradise (1926) ; The Cavalier (1928) ; The Isle of Lost Ship (1929) ; Damaged Love (1931).
WILLIAM (Warren Krech, dit Warren)
acteur américain (Aitkin, Minn., 1894 - Encino, Ca., 1948).
Fils d'un patron de presse, il débute comme reporter et, après avoir été combattre en Europe pendant la Première Guerre mondiale, décide de se lancer dans une carrière théâtrale au cours des années 20. Il fait de brèves apparitions à l'écran sous le nom de Warren Krech, notamment dans Plunder (G. B. Seitz), aux côtés de Pearl White, et joue des rôles de détectives et d'aventuriers, souvent dans des films de série B. Sa carrière s'étoffe après 1930 : il apparaît dans quelques films plus prestigieux comme Chercheuses d'or de 1933 (M. Le Roy, 1933), Grande Dame d'un jour (F. Capra, id.), Cléopâtre (C. B. De Mille, 1934), où il tient le rôle de Jules César. Il incarne les personnages de Philo Vance (The Dragon Murder Case, H. B. Humberstone, 1934 ; The Gracie Allen Murder Case, A. E. Green, 1939) et de Perry Mason dans plusieurs films à succès (The Case of the Howling Dog, A. Crosland, 1934 ; The Case of the Curious Bride, M. Curtiz, 1935 ; The Case of the Lucky Legs, A. Mayo, id. ; The Case of the Velvet Claws, W. Clemens, 1936), obtient le rôle-titre de la série des ‘ Lone Wolf ’ (The Lone Wolf Spy Hunt, P. Godfrey, 1939) et joue d'Artagnan dans l'Homme au masque de fer (J. Whale, id.).
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