Journey's End (1930) ; Waterloo Bridge (1931) ; Frankenstein (id., id.) ; The Impatient Maiden (1932) ; Une étrange soirée (The Old Dark House, id.) ; le Baiser devant le miroir (The Kiss Before the Mirror, 1933) ; l'Homme invisible (The Invisible Man, id.) ; Court-circuit (By Candlelight, id.) ; One More River (1934) ; la Fiancée de Frankenstein (The Bride of Frankenstein, 1935) ; Cocktails et Homicides (Remember Last Night ?, id.) ; Show Boat (1936) ; Après (The Road Back, 1937) ; The Great Garrick (id.) ; Sinners in Paradise (1938) ; Femmes délaissées (Wives Under Suspicion, id.) ; Port of Seven Seas (id.) ; l'Homme au masque de fer (The Man in the Iron Mask, 1939) ; l'Enfer vert (Green Hell, 1940) ; They Dare Not Love (1941) ; Hello Out There (épisode d'un film non distribué, 1949).
WHEELER (Lyle)
décorateur américain (Woburn, Mass., 1905 - Woodland Hills, Ca., 1990).
Il travaille pour le cinéma dès 1925 et, à partir de 1931, à la MGM. Mais c'est son association avec Selznick (1934-1941) qui lui permet d'exprimer son talent : à l'aise dans les couleurs vives et le pittoresque (le Jardin d'Allah, R. Boleslawski, 1936), il collabore aux reconstitutions d'Autant en emporte le vent (V. Fleming, 1939). Les souvenirs expressionnistes et la minutie ornementale (Rebecca, A. Hitchcock, 1940) distingueront aussi son travail à la Fox, dont il dirige le service décors de 1943 à 1960. Les discordances des surfaces, les coloris brillants, les riches enluminures et les lignes fouillées, caractéristiques des années 50, trouvent en lui un précurseur. Architecte actif, il prête ensuite ses compétences au cinéma de manière occasionnelle, pour Preminger en particulier.
WHEELER (René)
scénariste et cinéaste français (Paris 1912).
Auteur inspiré et estimé, il a collaboré aux scénarios et aux dialogues de nombreux films, dont : la Cage aux rossignols (J. Dreville, 1945), la Vie en rose (J. Faurez, 1948), Jour de fête (J. Tati, 1949), Fanfan la Tulipe (Christian-Jaque, 1952), l'Amour d'une femme (J. Grémillon, 1954), Du rififi chez les hommes (J. Dassin, 1955), Méfiez-vous fillettes (Y. Allégret, 1957), Le crime ne paie pas (G. Oury, 1962), le Journal d'une femme en blanc (C. Autant-Lara, 1965). Il est également passé derrière la caméra et on lui doit trois œuvres très personnelles : Premières Armes (1950), Châteaux en Espagne (1954) et Vers l'extase (1960).
WHELAN (Tim)
cinéaste américain (Cannelton, Ind., 1893 - Beverly Hills, Ca., 1957).
Scénariste des premiers longs métrages de Harold Lloyd, il tourne quelques petits westerns pour la RKO et réussit des comédies musicales comme Un gentleman parfait (The Perfect Gentleman, 1935) ou Amour et Swing (Higher and Higher, 1943). Il préfère toutefois les studios britanniques, où il a le privilège de diriger James Mason dans The Mill on the Floss (1937), Laurence Olivier dans le Divorce de Lady X (The Divorce of Lady X, 1938) et dans Armes secrètes (Q-Planes/Clouds Over Europe, 1939), Vivien Leigh dans Vedettes du pavé (St. Martin's Lane/ Sidewalks of London, 1938), Rex Harrison dans Ten Days in Paris/Missing Ten Days (1939).
WHITAKER (Forest)
acteur et cinéaste américain (Longview, Tex., 1961).
Il s'est imposé dans le rôle complexe du jazzman Charlie Parker dans Bird, de C. Eastwood (1988), qui lui valut un prix d'interprétation à Cannes. Depuis, son talent, toujours considérable, semble confiné à des seconds rôles (Good Morning Vietnam, B. Levinson, 1989), parfois brillants, comme dans The Crying Game (N. Jordan, 1992). Son registre est plus large que sa carrure balourde ne le laisserait penser : ainsi, il peut être tour à tour sobre, en militaire confronté à l'indicible (Body Snatchers, A. Ferrara, 1993) ou flamboyant, en couturier qui récupère des vêtements de chez Tati (Prêt-à-porter, R. Altman, 1995). Ses ambitions le conduisent à produire lui-même, en Grande-Bretagne, la Reine des pommes (A Rage in Harlem, Bill Duke, 1991), où il tient le rôle principal ; enfin, il réalise Strapped (1993), un téléfilm, puis Où sont les hommes ? (Waiting to Exhale, 1995), début d'une carrière de réalisateur assez anonyme. Par contre, on retrouve son charisme d'acteur dans sa composition de tueur « zen » dans Ghost Dog (la Voie du samouraï, J. Jarmush, 1999).
WHITE (Alva, dite Alice)
actrice américaine (Paterson, N.J., 1904 - Los Angeles, Ca., 1983).
Petite secrétaire, puis script-girl de Josef von Sternberg, elle débute comme actrice dans The Sea Tiger (John Francis Dillon, 1928). Elle accède peu à peu à la célébrité dans des rôles qui la font comparer à Clara Bow : American Beauty (Richard Wallace, 1927), The Private Life of Helen of Troy, Gentlemen Prefer Blondes (M. St. Clair, 1928), Harold Teen (M. LeRoy, id.), Lingerie (G. Melford, id.), Show Girl (A. Santell, id.). Sa carrière décline au cours des années 30 et, après 1950, elle reprend même son emploi de secrétaire.
WHITE (Victor Evans Wright, dite Pearl)
actrice américaine (Green Ridge, Mo., 1889 - Neuilly-sur-Seine, France, 1938).
Cette solide fille de la campagne paraît au cinéma, dans un serial, en 1910, et devient, en 1914, une des toutes premières stars grâce aux mythiques Mystères de New York (Louis Gasnier). Énergique, elle faisait, dit-on, ses propres cascades : ce qui n'était pas une mince affaire si l'on considère les positions inconfortables dans lesquelles chaque nouvel épisode la laissait. À partir de ce succès faramineux, Pearl White est l'une des plus populaires vedettes mondiales et la reine incontestée du serial. Il y a les Exploits d'Elaine et les Nouveaux Exploits d'Elaine (L. Gasnier et Douglas MacKenzie, 1915) et bien d'autres titres qui assurent sa gloire. Les simples drames, comme The White Moll (Harry Millarde, 1920) ou The Dark Mirror (C. Giblyn, id.), ont cependant moins d'impact. En réalité, cette reconversion, qu'elle entame au début des années 20, correspond à une nette chute de popularité. Elle en vient à se retirer sur la pointe des pieds et à s'exiler en France, où son culte est encore vivace : cela lui permet quelques apparitions sur des scènes de music-hall, comme au Casino de Paris. Betty Hutton joua son rôle, de sérieuses libertés étant prises avec la réalité, dans les agréables Exploits de Pearl White (G. Marshall, 1946), de même que Pamela Austin, dans une troisième version de Perils of Pauline (H. Leonard et J. Shelley, 1967).
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