Forfaiture (M. L'Herbier, 1937) ; Adrienne Lecouvreur (id., 1938) ; les Gens du voyage (J. Feyder, id.) ; Remontons les Champs-Élysées (S. Guitry, id.) ; Conflit (L. Moguy, id.) ; Le monde tremblera (R. Pottier, 1939) ; les Hommes sans peur (Yvan Noé, 1942) ; Croisières sidérales (A. Zwobada, id.) ; le Loup des Malveneur (Guillaume Radot, 1943) ; Mademoiselle X (P. Billon, 1945) ; Marie la Misère (J. de Baroncelli, id.) ; la Figure de proue (Christian Stengel, 1948) ; le Dessous des cartes (A. Cayatte, id.) ; Une grande fille toute simple (Jacques Manuel, id.).
SOLONITSYNE (Anatoli) [Anatolij Solonicyn]
acteur soviétique (Bogorodsk 1934 - Moscou 1982).
Après des études dramatiques au Studio du théâtre de Sverdlovsk, des prestations à Novosibirsk et Talim, il paraît au cinéma dans le rôle-titre d'Andrei Roublev (A. Tarkovski, 1966), où il frappe par l'intensité de sa présence physique et la profondeur de son intériorité spirituelle. Il n'est pas moins saisissant dans le rôle du commissaire politique de Pas de gué dans le feu (G. Panfilov, 1968) et dans des œuvres moins marquantes comme Aimer les hommes (S. Guérassimov, 1972) et Ami chez les ennemis, ennemi chez les siens (N. Mikhalkov, 1974). À nouveau sous la direction de Tarkovski, il joue dans Solaris (1972), puis incarne avec vigueur le personnage de l'écrivain tourmenté de Stalker (1979). Il a également donné des prestations remarquables dans l'Ascension (L. Chepitko, 1976, rôle de l'inquiétant collaborateur des nazis), le Tournant (V. Abdrachitov, 1978), 26 Jours de la vie de Dostoïevski (A. Zarkhi, 1980, rôle-titre), De la vie des estivants (N. Goubenko, id.) et Le train s'est arrêté (Abdrachitov, 1982). Sa mort prématurée a été une perte considérable pour le cinéma soviétique.
SOLOVEÏ (Elena) [Elena Iakovlevna Solovej]
actrice soviétique (Moscou 1947).
Elle apparaît sur les écrans à la fin des années 60 et, après quelques rôles mineurs sous la direction de Vitali Melnikov, Ilya Averbakh, Sergueï Soloviev, Alekseï Saltykov et Evgueni Tachkov, elle s'impose sur le plan international avec trois films de Nikita Mikhalkov : l'Esclave de l'amour (1975 ; rôle d'Olga Voznessenskaia, la star du cinéma muet confrontée à la réalité de la lutte révolutionnaire), Partition inachevée pour piano mécanique (1977, rôle de Sofia Egorovna) et Quelques Jours de la vie d'Oblomov (1979, rôle d'Olga).
SOMAI (Shinji)
cinéaste japonais (Morioka 1948).
D'abord assistant metteur en scène aux studios Nikkatsu dans les années 70, il devient réalisateur indépendant en 1980 avec Un étrange couple (Tonda kappuru). Remarqué au Japon pour l'Ombre des poissons (Gyoei no mure, 1983), il s'impose à l' étranger avec un film décrivant des lycéens livrés à eux-mêmes lors d'un typhon : Typhoon Club (Taifu kurabu, 1985). Son inspiration réaliste et poétique l'amène souvent à traiter des thèmes de l'enfance ou de la jeunesse dans les grandes villes : Bienvenue à Tokyo ! (Tokyo juku irrashaimase !, 1990), le Déménagement (Ohikkoshi, 1993), où une jeune fille espère empêcher le divorce de ses parents, le Jardin d'été (Natsu no niwa, 1994). En 1999, il réalise Ah haru, et en 2000 la Neige dans le vent (Kaza-hana).
SOMLAY (Arthur)
acteur hongrois (Budapest 1883 - id. 1951).
Interprète de plusieurs centaines de rôles à la scène comme à l'écran, où ses débuts remontent à ‘ Aujourd'hui et demain ’ (Mihály Kertész [Michael Curtiz], 1912), Arthur Somlay a joué notamment dans ‘ le Loup ’ (id., 1916), ‘ Faun ’ (Sándor [Alexander] Korda, 1919), Semmelweiss (Endre [André] De Toth, 1939), L'Europe ne répond plus (1941), Une femme se souvient (id.) et Quelque part en Europe (1947), trois films de Géza Radványi, Matyi Ludas (Kálmán Nádasdy et L. Ranódy, 1949), ‘ Un étrange mariage ’ (Különös házasság, Marton Keleti, 1951), ‘ Zone occidentale ’ (Nyugati övezet, Zoltán Várkonyi, 1952). Somlay est universellement connu pour le rôle qu'il tient dans Quelque part en Europe : un musicien qui, après s'être isolé des hommes et de leur folie guerrière, prend la défense d'enfants abandonnés qu'il a recueillis à son corps défendant, et s'engage à leurs côtés.
SOMLÓ (Tamás)
chef opérateur et cinéaste hongrois (Budapest 1929 - id. 1993).
Diplômé de l'École du cinéma en 1949, Tamás Somló figure au générique de plus de cent films pédagogiques et de vulgarisation scientifique, mais aussi d'importants films de fiction comme Cati (Márta Mészáros, 1968). Aux abords de la ville (CM, 1957) marque les débuts de sa collaboration avec Miklós Jancsó, dont il photographie les longs métrages des Cloches sont parties pour Rome (1958) à Ah ! ça ira (1968). Il permet ainsi à Jancsó de forger son propre style où se combinent l'utilisation d'un objectif variable et de longs plans-séquences, en fonction du déplacement, voulu par le cinéaste, des comédiens et des figurants dans le champ de la caméra. Produit par ce travail, que développera János Kende à partir de Silence et Cri (id.), l'espace horizontal de 360o se trouve aboli pour faire place à l'espace totalement imaginaire de Jancsó. Depuis le milieu des années 70, Tamás Somló ne se consacre plus qu'à la réalisation de courts métrages.
SONDERGAARD (Edith Holm Sondergaard, dite Gale)
actrice américaine (Lichtfield, Minn., 1899 - Woodland Hills, Ca., 1985).
Solide actrice de théâtre, mariée au cinéaste Herbert Biberman, elle accepte avec réticence de jouer dans Anthony Adverse (M. LeRoy, 1936), qui lui vaut pourtant un Oscar du meilleur second rôle. Son visage très structuré, aux pommettes hautes, lui permet d'arborer un masque impassible et inquiétant. La souplesse retenue de ses gestes félins la fait choisir pour incarner des personnages pervers et dangereux, comme celui de l'Asiatique qui tue Bette Davis à la fin de la Lettre (W. Wyler, 1940). Elle sait aussi se tirer à merveille de la pantomime, ainsi son rôle de chatte dans l'Oiseau bleu (W. Lang, 1940, d'après Maeterlinck). Mère dominatrice d'un Gene Kelly assassin dans Christmas Holiday (R. Siodmak, 1944), première épouse du roi dans Anna et le roi du Siam (J. Cromwell, 1946), elle est surtout remarquable dans ses compositions de grande meurtrière, citons Spider Woman Strikes Back (A. Lubin, 1946), où elle prend le sang de pures jeunes filles pour nourrir des plantes vénéneuses qui empoisonneront ses voisins. Victime, avec son mari, du maccarthysme (il fut l'un des Dix d'Hollywood), sa carrière s'interrompt en 1949 et ne reprend qu'en 1969 dans Esclaves (H. Biberman). Son dernier rôle est celui de la vieille Indienne au visage buriné du Retour d'un homme nommé Cheval (I. Kershner, 1976).
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