BOSWORTH (Hobart Van Zandt Bosworth, dit Hobart) (suite)
Il apparaît dans les premières années du XXe siècle comme acteur de théâtre à Broadway mais doit abandonner les planches après avoir temporairement perdu... sa voix. Il commence en 1909 une carrière au cinéma en tournant pour la Selig In the Sultan's Power. Attaché à cette compagnie, il est à la fois scénariste, réalisateur et acteur. Il fonde en 1913 sa propre compagnie et signe la même année un long métrage ambitieux, The Sea Wolf, où il se retrouve des deux côtés de la caméra. Sa carrière se poursuit tout au long des années 10 et des années 20 : Joan the Woman (C.B. De Mille, 1916), Behind the Door (Irvin Willat, 1919), The Sea Lion (R.V. Lee, 1921), My Best Girl (S. Taylor, 1927), mais il est encore actif dans la première décennie du cinéma parlant (Grande Dame d'un jour, F. Capra, 1933 ; Steamboat Round the Bend, J. Ford, 1935) et ce jusqu'en 1942 (Sin Down, 1942, son dernier film).
BOTELHO (Alberto et Paulino)
cinéastes et chefs opérateurs brésiliens.
Ces deux frères, pionniers du cinéma, photographes de presse, deviennent opérateurs d'actualités, puis de films de fiction, pendant la belle époque (1907-1911) où le cinéma brésilien connut un essor remarquable. Paulino, l'aîné, tourna des reconstitutions de faits divers dont le public était friand, comme A Mala Misteriosa (1910) ou O Crime de Paula Matos (1913). Alberto filma de nombreuses chansons illustrées, très populaires, produites par Francisco Serrador entre 1907 et 1911. Il battit les records de fréquentation d'alors avec une satire politique, Paz e Amor (1910).
BOTELHO (João)
cinéaste portugais (Lamego 1949).
Graphiste, illustrateur de livres, animateur de ciné-club, critique de cinéma, il réalise en 1978 un premier court métrage, Alexandre e Rosa (CO Jorge Alves da Silva), puis, en 1981, Conversa Acabada (id.), qui évoque la rencontre de deux grands poètes nationaux, Fernando Pessoa et Mário de Sá Carneiro. Ses films successifs – Un adieu portugais (Um Adeus Português, 1985), où pour la première fois on parle des guerres coloniales ; Este Tempo/Hard Times (Tempos Difíceis, 1988, d'après Dickens) sur la lutte des classes dans le Portugal moderne ; O Ar/NoDia de Meus Anos (1992, épisode de la série Os Quatros Elementos), Ici sur la terre (Aqui na Terra, 1993) et Tres Palmeras (1994), trois variations sur le thème de la paternité ; Trafic (Trafico, 1998), comédie cynique sur le chaos politique et social du Portugal contemporain – lui apportent un renom international. Profondément lié à la culture portugaise, au présent de son pays, dont il devient un lucide interprète, Botelho est un cinéaste qui soigne les détails et la composition du plan, en donnant à ses images un sens poétique, souvent allusif et métaphorique. En 2001, il réalise Quem És Tu ?
BÖTTCHER (Jürgen)
cinéaste allemand (Frankenberg, 1931).
D'abord peintre, il fait tardivement des études de cinéma à l'école de Babelsberg en RDA et travaille aux actualités cinématographiques et sur des documentaires. Il réalise un film de fiction en 1966 Jahrgang 45, sur la jeunesse de RDA (Génération 45) ; tourné de manière non académique, dans le décor de la vraie ville et de la vie réelle, avec des acteurs professionnels et non professionnels, ce film est immédiatement interdit par le parti au pouvoir. Il sera véritablement achevé par son auteur, puis présenté au public seulement après la chute du Mur. On découvre alors qu'il représentait (avec quelques films signés par Maetzig, Beyer, Günther et autres Klein) un potentiel de rénovation du cinéma est-allemand étouffé dans l'œuf.
Sous surveillance, il réalisera une longue série de documentaires tout en reprenant son œuvre de peintre (sous le nom de Strawalde). En 1990, il présente avec succès le Mur (Die Mauer), film sur le Mur – objet et symbole – le plus sobre et le plus profond, et film-symptôme sur l'événement et sur le sens de la chute du Mur de Berlin. Et, dix ans plus tard seulement, un autre documentaire, qui reprend un projet de 1981 inachevé sur le monument à Marx et Engels de Berlin-Est, et dont les images d'archives sont confrontées à la vie du Berlin de l'année 2000 : Konzert im Freien.
BOUAMARI (Mohamed)
cinéaste algérien (environs de Sétif [auj. Stif] 1941).
Autodidacte, l'UNEF lui accorde une bourse pour un séjour de formation en France aux métiers de plateau (TV). En 1965, il regagne Alger et devient assistant à l'ONCIC et pour l'OAA, où il travaille avec Lakhdar Hamina, d'abord (non crédité sur le Vent des Aurès, 1966), puis avec Costa-Gavras (Z, 1969) et Bertucelli (Remparts d'argile, 1970). Il réalise des courts métrages intéressants, puis le Charbonnier (al-Faḥḥm, 1972), remarqué par la critique. Avec l'Héritage (1974) et Premier Pas (1980), qui posent pourtant la question de l'émancipation féminine, le cinéaste a perdu beaucoup de l'originalité de ses débuts.
BOUCHER (Victor)
acteur français (Rouen 1877 - Paris 1942).
Sa vie durant, il triomphe à la scène grâce à l'efficacité comique d'un jeu qui combine l'hésitation du débit à l'autorité du geste. Maurice Tourneur, dès 1913, lui fait reprendre à l'écran un de ses rôles favoris (la Petite Chocolatière). Le parlant lui permet d'honorer mieux encore Bourdet, Croisset, Flers et Caillavet : les Vignes du seigneur (R. Hervil, 1932), le Sexe faible (R. Siodmak, 1933), l'Habit vert (R. Richebé, 1937), le Bois sacré (L. Mathot, 1940). Guitry lui réserve une apparition dans Faisons un rêve (1937) et un bon sketch de Ils étaient neuf célibataires (1939).
BOUCHEZ (Élodie)
actrice française (Montreuil-sous-Bois 1973).
Elle accède très vite à des rôles majeurs : dès 1992, avec Christine Lipinska dans le Cahier volé et, en 1994, avec Téchiné dans les Roseaux sauvages. Elle exprime les qualités de son âge dans le Plus Bel Âge (Didier Haudepin, 1995) et À toute vitesse (Gaël Morel, 1996). À son personnage ambigu des Raisons du cœur (Markus Imhoof, 1997) succède l'Isabelle de la Vie rêvée des anges (Erik Zonca, 1998), qui triomphe à Cannes. Elle reste quelque peu enfermée dans son personnage, et tente d'y échapper avec Jean-Marc Barr dans Lovers (1999) et dans Too much flesh (J.-M. Barr et Pascal Arnold, 2000). Elle a aussi tourné avec Graham Guit dans les Kidnappeurs (1998), Siegfried dans Louise/Take 2 (1998), de nouveau avec Gaël Morel dans Tu seras un homme (2000), avec Olivier Dahan dans le Petit Poucet (2001), Abdellatif Kechiche dans la Faute à Voltaire (2001).
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