En 1996, Secret and Lies de M. Leigh reçoit la Palme d'or à Cannes et Land and Freedom, de K. Loach reçoit le prix du film européen (Felix). Full Monty est premier au box office britannique en 1997. Mais en 1998, le premier film britannique du box office n'est que quatorzième — c'est un James Bond (Demain ne meurt jamais).
GRANGER (Farley)
acteur américain (San Jose, Ca., 1925).
Il débute à 18 ans dans le film prosoviétique l'Étoile du Nord (1943) de Milestone, lequel lui confie un premier rôle l'année suivante dans un autre film de propagande : Prisonniers de Satan. Ses meilleures interprétations, toujours fondées sur un charme trouble et un peu veule, sont : l'étudiant meurtrier de la Corde (A. Hitchcock, 1948), le jeune gangster des Amants de la nuit (N. Ray, id.), le petit employé indélicat de la Rue de la mort (A. Mann, 1950), le joueur de tennis à l'innocence magistralement ambiguë de l'Inconnu du Nord-Express (Hitchcock, 1951). Il a encore des rôles importants dans la Sarabande des pantins (H. King, 1952), Hans Christian Andersen et la danseuse (Ch. Vidor, id.), Histoire de trois amours (V. Minnelli, 1953) et surtout Senso (L. Visconti, 1954) et la Fille sur la balançoire (R. Fleischer, 1955). Sa carrière cinématographique connaît alors une éclipse de près de quinze ans et c'est en Europe qu'il réapparaît dans les années 70 : On m'appelle Trinita (Lo chiamavano Trinità..., Enzo Barboni Clucher, 1971), le Serpent (H. Verneuil, 1973).
GRANGER (James Stewart, dit Stewart)
acteur américain d'origine britannique (Londres 1913 - Santa Monica, Ca., 1993).
Acteur secondaire du cinéma britannique dans les années 30 (il apparaît dans Mademoiselle Docteur, la version anglaise dirigée par E. T. Gréville, du film de Pabst Salonique, nid d'espions, 1937), il eut l'intelligence de suivre des cours d'art dramatique et devint vedette avec des films comme l'Homme fatal (A. Asquith, 1944) ou Jusqu'à ce que mort s'ensuive (M. Allégret, 1947). Son élégance athlétique le voua, à Hollywood, à des rôles d'aventuriers nobles, plus rarement cyniques : les Mines du roi Salomon (C. Bennett et A. Marton, 1950) ; Scaramouche (G. Sidney, 1952) ; le Prisonnier de Zenda (R. Thorpe, id.) ; la Reine vierge (G. Sidney, 1953) ; Salomé (W. Dieterle, id.). Beau Brummel (C. Bernhardt, 1954) ; l'Émeraude tragique (A. Marton, id.) ; les Contrebandiers de Moonfleet (F. Lang, 1955) ; Des pas dans le brouillard (A. Lubin, id.) ; la Dernière Chasse (R. Brooks, 1956) ; la Croisée des destins (G. Cukor, id.) ; Harry Black et le Tigre (H. Fregonese, 1958) ; le Grand Sam (H. Hathaway, 1960) ; Sodome et Gomorrhe (R. Aldrich, 1962). Devenu en 1956 citoyen américain, il s'est perdu au fil des années 60 dans des productions « européennes » (Héros sans retour, Frank Wisbar, 1962), où son talent ne trouve plus guère à se manifester que lors d'un « retour aux sources » (le Dernier Safari, H. Hathaway, 1967). Et, comme tant d'autres, il se consacre surtout à la TV depuis 1971.
GRANGIER (Gilles)
cinéaste français (Paris 1911 - Suresnes 1996).
Il a été figurant, régisseur, puis assistant avant de réaliser en 1942 Adémaï bandit d'honneur, son premier film. Pendant plus de 30 ans, il a consciencieusement mis en scène, en bon artisan de son métier, une cinquantaine de films dont beaucoup ont connu un succès commercial. Grangier restera dans la mémoire du cinéma français pour avoir dirigé douze fois Jean Gabin entre 1953 (la Vierge du Rhin) et 1969 (Sous le signe du taureau). C'est lui qui a réalisé en 1964 l'Âge ingrat pour la Gafer, cette éphémère société de production montée par Jean Gabin et Fernandel.
Films :
Adémaï bandit d'honneur (1944 [RÉ 1942]) ; le Cavalier noir (1945) ; Rendez-Vous à Paris (1947) ; Danger de mort (id.) ; l'Amant de paille (1951) ; les Petites Cardinal (id.) ; Douze Heures de bonheur (1952) ; la Vierge du Rhin (1953) ; Gas-oil (1955) ; le Sang à la tête (1956) ; Reproduction interdite (1957) ; Le rouge est mis (id.) ; Trois Jours à vivre (id.) ; le Désordre et la Nuit (1958) ; Archimède le clochard (id.) ; 125, rue Montmartre (1959) ; les Vieux de la vieille (1960) ; Le cave se rebiffe (1961) ; le Gentleman d'Epsom (1962) ; Maigret voit rouge (1963) ; l'Âge ingrat (1964) ; Train d'enfer (1965) ; les Bons Vivants (id.) ; l'Homme à la Buick (1968) ; Sous le signe du taureau (1969) ; Un cave (1972) ; Gross Paris (1974).
GRANIER-DEFERRE (Pierre)
cinéaste français (Paris 1927).
Longtemps assistant (de Berthomieu, Carné, Le Chanois, Lampin notamment), il aborde la carrière de réalisateur à la faveur du grand bouleversement du cinéma français contemporain de la Nouvelle Vague. Cinéaste parfois impersonnel mais bon artisan, il a su se mettre au service des comédiens populaires des années 60 et 70 (Jean Gabin, Simone Signoret, Lino Ventura, Romy Schneider, Alain Delon surtout), et confectionner pour eux des films commerciaux honnêtes, presque toujours adaptés de romans (de Simenon notamment pour le Chat, la Veuve Couderc et le Train). En 1981, Une étrange affaire, avec Michel Piccoli et Gérard Lanvin, reçoit le prix Louis-Delluc, et Granier-Deferre, le César du meilleur réalisateur. Son fils Denys (Paris 1949) fut son assistant avant de devenir lui-même cinéaste.
Films :
le Petit Garçon de l'ascenseur (1962) ; les Aventures de Salavin (1963) ; la Métamorphose des cloportes (1965) ; Paris au mois d'août (1966) ; le Grand Dadais (1967) ; la Horse (1970) ; le Chat (1971) ; la Veuve Couderc (id.) ; le Fils (1973) ; le Train (id.) ; la Race des seigneurs (1974) ; la Cage (1975) ; Adieu poulet (id.) ; Une femme à sa fenêtre (1976) ; le Toubib (1979) ; Une étrange affaire (1981) ; l'Étoile du Nord (1982) ; l'Ami de Vincent (1983) ; l'Homme aux yeux d'argent (1986) ; Cours privé (id.) ; Noyade interdite (1987) ; la Couleur du vent (1988) ; l'Autrichienne (1989) ; la Voix (1992) ; l'Archipel (1993) ; le Petit Garçon (1994).
GRANOWSKY (Alexis) [Aleksandr Granovskij]
cinéaste d'origine russe (Moscou 1890 - Paris 1937).
Directeur du Théâtre juif de Moscou, collaborateur de Tairov et de Meyerhold, il réalise à Kiev le Bonheur juif (Evrejskoe sčast'e, 1925) d'après Cholem Aleichem avec Édouard Tissé comme opérateur. En 1930, on le retrouve en Allemagne, où il dirige le Chant de la vie (Das Lied vom Leben) et les Malles de Monsieur O. F. (Die Koffer des Herrn O. F., 1931), puis en France à partir de 1932 ; il y signe une adaptation de Pierre Louÿs, les Aventures du roi Pausole (1933), puis deux films avec Harry Baur, où il se souvient de ses origines russes : Nuits moscovites (1934) et Tarass Boulba (1936).
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