‘ le Cercle ’ (Krug, CO A. Gavronski, 1927) ; le Bagne/Travaux forcés (Katorga, 1928) ; la Terre a soif (Zemlja žaždet, 1930, sonorisé en 1931) ; ‘ Récit sur Oumar Khaptzoko ’ (Rasskaz ob Umare Hapcoko, 1932) ; les Aviateurs (Lëtčiki, 1935) ; la Dernière Nuit (Poslednjaja noč ', 1937) ; Terres défrichées/la Jachère emblavée (Podnjataja celina, 1940) ; Machenka (Mašen'ka, 1942) ; le Ciel de Moscou (Nebo Moskvy, 1944) ; Sur la question de l'armistice avec la Finlande (K voprosu o peremirii s Finljandiej, DOC, id.) ; la Prise de Berlin (Berlin, DOC, 1945) ; le Rapide d'Extrême-Orient (Poezd idët na vostok, 1948) ; Raïnis (Rajnis, 1949) ; le Chevalier à l'étoile d'or (Kavaler zolotoj zvezdy, 1951) ; la Leçon de la vie (Urok žizni, 1955) ; le Communiste (Kommunist, 1958) ; Et si c'était l'amour ? (A espi eto ljubov‘ , 1962) ; Ton contemporain (Tvoj sovremennik, 1968) ; ‘ Visite de courtoisie ’ (Vizit vežlivosti, 1973) ; Une femme étrange (Strannaja ženščina, 1977) ; Vie privée (Častnaja žizn', 1982) ; le Temps des désirs (Vrenja želanij, 1984).
RAKSIN (David)
compositeur américain (Philadelphie, Penn., 1912).
Élève de Schönberg, il orchestre les Temps modernes (Ch. Chaplin, 1936). Mais c'est l'obsédant leitmotiv de Laura (O. Preminger, 1944) qui assure sa renommée et définit son style : un jazz doux, mélodieux et félin, parfaitement au diapason des films noirs (Crime passionnel, id., 1945 ; l'Enfer de la corruption, A. Polonski, 1948 ; le Mystérieux Dr Korvo, Preminger, id.) ou blêmes (Femme ou Maîtresse, id., 1947). Paradoxalement, il brille dans le western, où il sait par ses musiques sinueuses suggérer la menace ou le mystère (Au-delà du Missouri, W. Wellman, 1951 ; l'Homme de nulle part, D. Daves, 1956 ; Will Penny le solitaire, T. Gries, 1968). Son grand classique est sa somptueuse partition pour les Ensorcelés (V. Minnelli, 1952), qui équilibre magistralement le brillant et l'obscur.
RALENTI.
Truquage rendant les mouvements moins rapides sur l'écran qu'ils le sont en réalité. ( EFFETS SPÉCIAUX.)
RALLI (Giovanna)
actrice italienne (Rome 1935).
Après un petit rôle dans Les enfants nous regardent (V. De Sica, 1942), elle joue au théâtre et revient au cinéma dans les Feux du music-hall (A. Lattuada et F. Fellini, 1951). Au cours des années 50, elle s'affirme grâce à une riche série de comédies populaires, souvent en dialecte romain, et crée un personnage de fille expansive et énergique : La famiglia Passaguai (A. Fabrizi, 1951), les Amants de la villa Borghèse (G. Franciolini, 1953), les Jeunes Filles de San Frediano (V. Zurlini, 1954), Un eroe dei nostri tempi (M. Monicelli, 1955), Racconti romani (Franciolini, id.), le Moment le plus beau (L. Emmer, 1957). Roberto Rossellini lui confie deux complexes personnages dramatiques dans le Général della Rovere (1959) et dans les Évadés de la nuit (1960). Elle continue à interpréter surtout des comédies, mais obtient souvent un succès particulier dans des rôles plus ambitieux, comme dans La fuga (P. Spinola, 1965), dans Une prostituée au service du public (Una prostituta al servizio del pubblico e in regola con le leggi dello Stato, Italo Zingarelli, 1971), et dans Nous nous sommes tant aimés (E. Scola, 1974).
Elle débute à l'écran à quatorze ans et devient dans les années 20 l'une des idoles du cinéma muet : Peter Pan (H. Brenon, 1925), Jazz (J. Cruze, id.), A Kiss for Cinderella (Brenon, id.), Lucky Devil (F. Tuttle, id.), Old Ironsides (J. Cruze, 1926). Surnommée la « Vénus américaine » (d'après le titre homonyme d'un film de Frank Tuttle en 1926 dont elle est la blonde vedette), elle s'impose également dans les premières années du parlant (le Calvaire de Lena X, J. von Sternberg, 1929) ; Force (The Mighty, J. Cromwell, id.) ; Court-circuit (J. Whale, 1933) ; Sadie McKee (C. Brown, 1934). Elle se retire en 1941.
Ancienne championne olympique de patinage artistique (1936), elle fut remarquée par Herbert J. Yates, patron du Studio Republic, fief de la série B. qui l'épousa et entreprit de faire d'elle la star féminine du studio. Jolie et exotique, mais d'un air absent et de talent moyen, Vera Ralston est devenue ainsi une idole du « kitsch » cinématographique. De cette étrange carrière, on retiendra Tam Tam sur l'Amazone (Angel of the Amazon, John H. Auer, 1948), son meilleur rôle, celui d'une chasseresse à la jeunesse éternelle, ou quelques bons films d'Alan Dwan, qui sut tirer parti de son physique (Surrender, 1950 ; Belle Le Grand, 1951). Mais c'est sans doute en danseuse balinaise improbable qu'elle fut le plus elle-même (Toutes voiles vers Java, J. Kane, 1953). Elle se retira en 1958.
RAMBEAU (Marjorie)
actrice américaine (San Francisco, Ca., 1889 - Palm Springs, id., 1970).
Elle joue à Broadway, à douze ans, et tient la vedette dans plusieurs films muets à partir de 1916. Mais on la connaît mieux pour des rôles hauts en couleur de femmes vieillissantes marquées par l'alcool et la misère : Son homme (T. Garnett, 1930), les Titans du ciel (Hell Divers, G. W. Hill, 1931), Ceux de la zone (F. Borzage, 1933), Primrose Path (G. La Cava, 1940), 20 Mule Team (R. Thorpe, id.), East of the River (A. E. Green, id.), Tugboat Annie Sails Again (L. Seiler, id.,), la Route au tabac (J. Ford, 1941), la Ruée sanglante (In Old Oklahoma, Albert S. Rogell, 1943), l'Homme aux mille visages (Man of a Thousand Faces, J. Pevney, 1957).
RAMPE.
Mécanisme à rampe, mécanisme employé sur certains projecteurs pour provoquer l'avance intermittente du film. ( PROJECTION.)
RAMPLING (Charlotte)
actrice britannique (Sturmer 1945).
Enfant, elle accompagne son père, militaire en France, avant de retourner achever sa scolarité dans son pays natal. Après quelques périples musicaux à travers l'Angleterre puis l'Espagne, une brève expérience de cover-girl précédera son premier rôle de cinéma (le Knack, R. Lester, 1965). Elle suit des cours d'art dramatique et joue à la télévision. Sa carrière cinématographique, rapidement internationale, sera interrompue une année par la méditation et des voyages en Asie. On la qualifie volontiers d'énigmatique : il est vrai que son style d'interprétation, sa voix rauque, ses yeux verts, mais plus encore certains de ses rôles (Portier de nuit, L. Cavani, 1974 ; la Chair de l'orchidée, P. Chéreau, 1975 ; Adieu ma jolie [Farewell My Lovely], Dick Richards, id. ; Max mon amour, N. Oshima, 1986) ont contribué à la fabrication d'un certain mystère. En 2001 elle interprète avec beaucoup de pudeur et de grâce une épouse confrontée à la disparition de son mari dans Sous le sable (F. Ozon).
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