Il y avait dans les premiers films (Graine sauvage [Wild Seed], 1965 ; The Pad, 1966 ; les Corrupteurs [Sol Madrid], 1968) de cet ancien acteur un heureux mélange de cynisme et de sentiment qui a quelque peu disparu dès qu'il s'est attelé à des productions d'envergure (Quand les aigles attaquent [Where Eagles Dare], 1969 et De l'or pour les braves [Kelly's Heroes], 1970) mais il n'y a rien qui puisse sauver Une belle tigresse (Zee and Co, 1971), où Elizabeth Taylor était au plus bas. Il réalise ensuite Terreur dans la nuit (Night Watch, 1973), De plein fouet (The First Deadly Sin, 1980) et les Aventuriers du bout du monde (High Road to China, 1983).
HYATT (John W.)
inventeur américain (Starkey, N. -Y., 1837 - Millburn, N. J., 1920).
Il découvrit (brevet : 1869) une substance cellulosique qui reçut en 1872 le nom de marque de Celluloïd et qui permit plus tard la fabrication des films souples sans lesquels le cinéma n'aurait pu apparaître.
HYER (Martha)
actrice américaine (Fort Worth, Tex., 1924).
Bonne actrice un peu froide dans sa blondeur distinguée, elle n'est jamais parvenue à s'imposer malgré une nomination pour l'Oscar du second rôle de Comme un torrent (V. Minnelli, 1959). Citons aussi Haines (J. Losey, 1950), Deux Nigauds chez Vénus (Abbott and Costello Go to Mars, Charles Lamont, 1953), Mon grand (R. Wise, 1953), Sabrina (B. Wilder, 1955), l'Extravagant Mr. Cory (B. Edwards, 1957), Rien n'est trop beau (The Best of Everything, J. Negulesco, 1959)... Sans doute est-ce la rançon de voir généralement le héros lui préférer « l'autre fille ». Elle reparaît mûrie dans les Quatre Fils de Katie Elder (H. Hathaway, 1965), la Poursuite impitoyable (A. Penn, 1966), la Nuit du Grizzly (J. Pevney, 1966). Mariée en 1966 au producteur Hal Wallis, elle abandonne l'écran peu d'années après.
HYPERCARDIOÏDE.
Micro hypercardioïde PRISE DE SON.
HYPERFOCALE.
Distance de mise au point telle que, compte tenu de la profondeur de champ, la zone de netteté s'étend de la moitié de cette distance jusqu'à l'infini.
HYPERGONAR.
Nom de marque du dispositif anamorphoseur inventé par le Français Henri Chrétien ( ANAMORPHOSE). Cet élément optique utilisé par Claude Autant-Lara vers la fin des années 20 a été repris et exploité aux États-Unis pour le procédé CinémaScope dont le premier long métrage La Tunique (The Robe - H. Koster) date de 1953. L'hypergonar est une optique anamorphique à lentille cylindrique qui, placée sur la caméra, devant l'optique de prise de vues normale (lentilles sphériques), comprime latéralement les images enregistrées sur le film, et qui, placée devant l'objectif du projecteur, produit l'effet inverse pour redonner aux images projetées les proportions normales. Ce procédé a été utilisé, en exploitation commerciale, essentiellement pour les films 35 mm. Les images projetées sont au format 2,35 ou 2,39 x 1 (rapport largeur/hauteur). Ce rapport a été de 2,55 x 1 pour les copies CinémaScope 4 pistes magnétiques (35 mm à 4 pistes magnétiques), format abandonné depuis les années 60.
À l'époque, ce format, beaucoup plus allongé que le format standard 1,37 x 1, seul existant depuis l'apparition du cinéma sonore, a constitué une révolution tant à la production qu'en exploitation.
HYPERSENSIBILISATION.
Traitement, pratiqué avant la prise de vues, visant à augmenter la sensibilité à la lumière de la couche sensible. ( LATENSIFICATION.)
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