Sur la musique de Mozart. B. *Romanov (le Voleur et la Ballerine, 1915 ; Voyage d'une danseuse, 1933) ; L. *Christensen (The Encounter, 1936 ; The Festival, 1953) ; J. *Taras (Bal de jeunes filles, 1950 ; Tarasiana, 1951) ; J. *Cranko (Pastorale, 1950 ; Mozart Concerto, 1966) ; Taylor (Poetry in motion, 1963), Tharp (Mozart Sonata K545, 1971) ; Béjart (Ah, vous dirai-je maman, 1972 ; Seraphita, 1973 ; Tod in Wien, 1991) ; J. *Neumeier (Mozart 338, 1984 ; Fenster zu Mozart, 1991 ; Requiem, 1991) ; L. *Lubovitch (Exultate jubilate, 1978 ; Hautbois, 1990) ; J. *Kylián (Six Dances, 1986 ; Petit mort, 1991) ; E. *Feld (Shadows Breath, 1988 ; Wolfgang Strategies, 1992) ; T. *De Keersmaeker (Mozart / Concert Arias, 1992).
Mudra.
Centre européen de recherche et de perfectionnement des interprètes du spectacle basé à Bruxelles (1970-1987).
De son père Gaston Berger, M. *Béjart a hérité sens pédagogique et curiosité pluridisciplinaire pour les arts et les cultures. Avec l'appui de l'Unesco, de la Fondation Gulbenkian et du gouvernement belge, il ouvre Mudra afin de former et développer initiative et capacités créatrices de jeunes interprètes de seize à vingt et un ans sélectionnés sur auditions internationales. Gratuit, l'enseignement dispensé dans les mêmes locaux que ceux du *Ballet du XXe siècle, comporte cours de danse *classique et *moderne, mais aussi danse indienne, *flamenco, yoga, jeu théâtral, geste vocal, rythme, anatomie, techniques du cirque. Il développe les dons d'improvisation plastique, musicale, dramatique, invite à faire œuvre personnelle lors d'exercices d'élèves. Premier spectacle d'école, le Fils de l'air (1972) révèle ainsi M. *Marin, Alain Louafi, P. *Droulers. En outre, les « mudristes » participent à la création d'I Trionfi (1974), Notre *Faust, Héliogabale (1976), Acqua alta (1976), et certains intègrent la compagnie, tels S. *Mirk, Dominique Genevoix, Yann Le Gac, Jean-Luc Esquerre. Nombre de chorégraphes contemporains, dont H. *Robbe, A. T. *De Keersmaeker, M.-A *De Mey, sont issus de ce creuset de libre créativité.
MFC
Mudra-Dakar.
Centre de perfectionnement et de recherche des interprètes du spectacle fondé en 1977 au Sénégal.
M. *Béjart ouvre ce centre à l'instigation du président Léopold Sédar Senghor, qui a soutenu *Mudra-Bruxelles et reçu, en 1975, un hommage des mudristes basé sur des poèmes de la Femme noire. En dépit de la direction chaleureuse de Germaine Acogny, de la présence efficace d'artistes tel Bertrand Pie, mort accidentellement, le centre doit rapidement fermer ses portes au début des années 1980 sans avoir réussi à s'implanter de façon durable.
MFC
Jennifer MULLER (née en 1944).
Danseuse et chorégraphe américaine.
Diplômée de la *Juilliard School of Music, elle a étudié avec A. *Tudor, P. *Lang, L. *Horst, J. *Limon, A. *Sokolow. Danseuse chez Lang puis chez Limon (1963-1971), elle est directrice associée de la compagnie *Falco puis fonde sa propre compagnie, The Works, en 1974.
Souvent invitée à travailler avec d'autres compagnies (Strangers, 1975, et The Politician, 1983, au *Nederlands Dans Theater ; Kite, 1986, au *Lyon Op. B. ; Lovers, 1995, au *B. du Nord), elle enseigne en Suisse, aux Pays-Bas et compte plus de cinquante créations à son actif. Certaines, comme Tub (1973) et Speeds (1974), sur les musiques de Burt Alcantara, explosent d'énergie et de plaisir de danser. Sa danse a gardé de la technique *Humphrey-Limon la " polarité " (opposition entre deux extrêmes) et l'ampleur du mouvement ; et, de Tudor, le *phrasé de la composition. Mais au-delà, avec une sensualité toute féminine, ses œuvres se situent dans un contexte purement contemporain. Sa pensée, empreinte de philosophie chinoise fait une large place à la nature et aux éléments et pose la question de ce qu'est devenu l'homme dans la société de consommation (The Spotted Owl, 1995).
LB
Autres chorégraphies. Beach (1976) ; Enigma (1986) ; City (1988) ; Fruit (1996).
Peter MUMFORD (né en 1946).
Éclairagiste et metteur en scène britannique.
Formé à la Central School of Art and Design, il travaille abondamment pour l'opéra et le théâtre, aussi bien en Grande-Bretagne qu'en Europe, et par la suite comme réalisateur de cinéma et de télévision. Il collabore régulièrement avec R. *Alston (de Double Work en 1978 à Cinema en 1989), S. *Davies (de Winnsboro's Cotton Mill Blues en 1992 à Eighty-Eight en 1998), ainsi qu'avec A. *Page (de Soldat en 1988 à Sawdust and Tinsel en 1998), et signe aussi des éclairages pour D. *Bintley (Carmina burana, 1995 ; Edward II, 1995 ; Nutcracker Sweeties, 1997) ou T. *Tharp (Mr. Worldly Wise, 1995). Toujours soucieux de saisir le danseur dans ses trois dimensions, il privilégie les éclairages à partir des côtés et des cintres. Sa carrière dans le domaine de la danse lui vaut le Laurence Olivier Prize, en 1995.
CH
(Ballet de l'Opéra de) Munich.
Nom porté par le Ballet national de *Bavière (Bayerisches Staatsballett) avant la transformation de l'Opéra de Munich en Opéra national de Bavière (Bayerische Staatsoper).
BvJ
Maria MUÑOZ (née en 1963).
Danseuse et chorégraphe espagnole.
Elle se forme à l'Institut del Teatre de Barcelone, puis à Amsterdam avec plusieurs figures du *contact-improvisation, crée à Barcelone le groupe La Dux et fonde, en 1989, avec Pep Ramis la compagnie Mal Pelo. Du duo Quarere (1989) jusqu'à La Calle del Imaginero (1996), les deux chorégraphes tissent une danse empreinte d'humilité et d'authenticité, qui affirme une poésie sans grandiloquence.
JMA
Mai-Ester MURDMAA (née en 1938).
Danseuse, chorégraphe et directrice de compagnie estonienne.
Formée à l'École de ballet de Tallin, en 1956 elle entre au Ballet du Théâtre national d'Estonie, dont elle devient directrice artistique en 1965 et chorégraphe principale en 1973. Également invitée aux États-Unis pour remonter ses ballets en 1990 et 1992, elle crée des œuvres principalement dramatiques à forte dimension psychologique dans un style qui mêle techniques classiques et modernes.
BH
Chorégraphies. *Médée (1966, mus. S. *Barber) ; la Femme (1986, mus. L. *Berio) ; Crime et Châtiment (1991, mus. A. *Pärt).
Ko MUROBUSHI (né en 1947).
Danseur et chorégraphe japonais.
Après des études à l'université de Waseda, il rencontre T. *Hijikata en 1968, et devient son élève. Cofondateur du groupe Dairakudakan, avec A. *Maro Akaji, U. *Amagatsu et Bishop Yamada, il crée le premier journal *butô, Hageshii Kisetsu [la Saison violente], devient producteur et chorégraphe de la compagnie Ariadone (C. *Ikeda), et constitue son propre groupe, Sebi [Feu dorsal]. À partir de 1988, il se produit essentiellement en duo avec Urara Kusanagi.
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