Créatrices de nombreux rôles pour Horton (le *Sacre du printemps ,1937 ; *Conquest, 1938 ; The *Beloved, 1948 ; *Salomé, version de 1937 ; Warsaw Ghetto, 1949), elle reste, après la mort de celui-ci, un des principaux transmetteurs de sa technique, de son répertoire et de son mode de pensée. Ses propres recherches développent une utilisation systématique de toutes les parties du corps, et un entraînement qui privilégie la vitesse dans les déplacements, les sauts et les tours. Pédagogue de renom, conférencière passionnée, elle reçoit de nombreuses récompenses et prix, et demeure une artiste essentielle dans le paysage de la danse de la côte ouest.
GV
Bibliographie. L. F. Rozen, « A Conversation with Bella Lewitzky », Ballet Review vol. 10 n° 3, automne 1982.
Maya LEX (1906-1986).
Danseuse, chorégraphe et pédagogue allemande.
Elle se forme à l'école Günther où les expérimentations de K. *Orff et de D. *Günther jettent les bases du développement futur de sa danse absolue. Soliste de la compagnie Günther et dans *Totenmal de M. *Wigman, elle élabore sa pédagogie en étroite collaboration avec Gunhild Keetmann. Pour l'ouverture des jeux Olympiques de Berlin en 1936, elle cosigne avec GüntherMädchenreigen. Diverses distinctions et tournées en Europe s'ensuivent. Installée en Italie, elle revient en Allemagne en 1951 et chorégraphie Parsifal pour Wieland Wagner. À partir de 1953, elle enseigne à l'École Supérieure du Sport de Cologne, où elle introduit la danse dès 1958, puis crée, en 1969, la Compagnie Maya Lex, avec laquelle elle triomphe à l'occasion de représentations dans les congrès internationaux d'éducation physique, notamment avec Passacaglia et Fugue (1970, mus. Don Ellis). Son travail, qui a permis d'amener les enseignants du sport vers la danse tout en formant de jeunes talents telle Henrietta Horn, est poursuivi par son élève Graziela Padilla. La Compagnie Maya Lex est refondée en 1988 sous l'impulsion de la chorégraphe Koni Hanft, qui revendique son style.
MF
Autres chorégraphies. Paukentanz (1935) ; Suite in A moll (1971, mus. Telemann). Bibliographie. M. Lex, Ein Porträt der Tänzerin, Choregraphin und Pädagogin, Abraham & Hanft, Cologne, 1986 ; M. Lex et G. Padilla, Elementarer Tanz, éditeur, Wilhelmshaven, 1988.
Maria LEY-PISCATOR , ou LEY Loe, [ndn. Czada Friederike von ] (née en 1898).
Danseuse, chorégraphe, pédagogue et écrivain, américaine d'origine autrichienne.
Elle étudie le ballet avec Cäcilie Cerri, Leo Dubois et Carl Raimundsen à Vienne et avec L. *Egorova à Paris. Dès ses débuts en 1919 à Vienne, où elle compte parmi les danseuses modernes, elle illustre un « style viennois » caractérisé par une esthétique imagée et des costumes luxueux. Elle donne de nombreux récitals à Vienne, participe à des revues et tournées, et chorégraphie pour des pièces de M. *Reinhardt (Der eingebildete Kranke, 1923, festival de Salzbourg ; Songe d'une nuit d'été, 1925, Theater in der Josephstadt, Vienne). Elle mène par ailleurs des études de littérature à la Sorbonne, couronnées par un doctorat. En 1939, elle s'installe à New York, où, en collaboration avec le metteur en scène et dramaturge Erwin Piscator, elle fonde le Dramatic Workshop, célèbre école de comédiens au sein de la New School for Social Research de New York, qu'elle dirige à la mort de Piscator, en 1966, jusqu'en 1970. Elle est l'auteur d'un ouvrage en partie autobiographique, Mirror People (1987).
GOS
Blanca LI (née en 1964).
Danseuse et chorégraphe espagnole.
Jeune gymnaste de compétition, elle entre à dix-sept ans dans l'École *Graham, à New York, où elle crée un groupe de flamenco-rap. Après un retour en Espagne, elle crée sa compagnie en France, où elle côtoie les milieux du cabaret et du cinéma. Nana et Lila (1992), où un flamenco stylisé entre en transe sur la musique des Gnawas du Maroc, marque le début d'une carrière éclectique et interlope.
JMA
Ivan LIŠKA (né en 1950).
Danseur tchèque.
Formé à Prague, il rejoint le Ballet de l'Opéra de *Düsseldorf (1969-1974), puis devient soliste à celui de *Munich (1974-1977). À partir de 1977, il est l'un des plus brillants danseurs du Ballet de *Hambourg. Il se produit aussi en invité à Paris et à Londres, ainsi qu'à New York, avec N. *Markova. Travaillant avec les plus grands chorégraphes du moment, il aborde aussi bien les rôles dramatiques classiques que modernes, avec un charisme et une présence sur scène qui confèrent à ses interprétations une rare authenticité : parmi ses créations de rôle récentes se détache Odyssee (1995, J. *Neumeier). Depuis 1998, il dirige le Ballet national de *Bavière.
HK
Anatoli Liadov (1855-1914).
Compositeur et chef d'orchestre russe.
Initié à la musique par son père, il entre en 1870 au conservatoire de Saint-Pétersbourg, dans la classe de composition de N. *Rimski-Korsakov. Comme son professeur, son sens de la couleur orchestrale et sa fantaisie musicale sont exceptionnels.
SZ
Autres compositions. La Tabatière ou la Poupée (B. *Nijinska, 1914) ; Kikimora (1916, L. *Massine, intégré aux Contes russes en 1917) ; Santa Claus (M. *Fokine 1923).
Liat Dror-Nir Ben Gal Company.
Compagnie israélienne fondée en 1992 par Liat Dror (née en 1960) et Nir Ben Gal (né en 1959).
Depuis leur première chorégraphie, Two Room Apartment, premier prix à *Bagnolet en 1988, qui traite de l'héroïsme exigé par un labeur quotidien et répétitif, le thème récurrent des deux chorégraphes, anciens membres de kibboutz, est la quête d'identité dans un pays en proie aux contradictions. Pour exprimer l'agressivité et la soif secrète de tendresse, ils emploient un langage éloigné du classicisme et du formalisme. Leur conscience politique génère des œuvres telle que Figs, Investigations et Inta Oumri (1994), où ils utilisent la musique orientale pour accompagner une danse *théâtrale à l'occidentale. The Dances of Nothing (1998) montre une nouvelle voie vers la réconciliation, où l'Orient cesse d'être menaçant pour devenir une métaphore de la passion et de la paix.
GA
Liceo (Ballet du théâtre du).
Compagnie espagnole attachée au Gran Teatro del Liceo de Barcelone (1847-1975).
À sa création, il compte deux troupes distinctes : l'une classique, renforcée par des solistes étrangers (Charles-Auguste Albert, Marie Guy Stephan et L. *Noblet) ; l'autre, formée à l'*escuela bolera, avec Joan Camprubí, Manuela García, Dolores Montero. Cette division disparaît au cours du XIXe siècle (R. *Moragas et R. *Mauri dominent les deux styles). Durant cette période, les danseurs se produisent dans les opéras et les ballets qui sont autant des œuvres du répertoire que des créations. Au début du XXe siècle se détachent les solistes Teresa Boronat, Manuela del Río, Rosa Segovia ou Trini Borrull, la compagnie que dirige Paula Pamies se limitant à danser dans les opéras et à reprendre les ballets antérieurs. De 1939 à 1975, la compagnie est dirigée par J. *Magriñá, qui signe pour elle de nombreuses chorégraphies et qui, de 1951 à 1952, anime les éphémères Ballets de Barcelone qu'il a fondés parallèlement et dont plusieurs figures rejoignent le Liceo en 1953 (M. de *Ávila, Jose Ferrán, A. *Pons). Depuis 1975, le Liceo engage des danseurs ponctuellement pour les saisons d'opéra.
NMS
Bibliographie. R. Alier, Gran Teatro del Liceo, Daimón, Madrid, 1986.
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