Bibliographie. M. Feldenkrais, Body and Mature Behavior, International Universities Press, New York, 1949 (trad. l'Être et la maturité du comportement, Espace du temps présent, Paris,1993) ;The Case of Nora, Harper and Row, San Francisco, 1977 (trad. le Cas Doris, Espace du temps présent, Paris,1993) ; Énergie et bien-être par le mouvement, Dangles, Paris, 1993.
Morton FELDMAN (1926-1987).
Compositeur américain.
Après sa rencontre avec J. *Cage en 1950, il rejoint la mouvance new-yorkaise qui, souhaitant renouveler les pratiques artistiques, prône un dépassement des frontières des arts et des langages par l'usage systématique des procédés *aléatoires. Très influencé par la peinture abstraite, il élabore un univers musical aux atmosphères denses et statiques tendant au silence, dont les suggestions seront développées par M. *Cunningham (1951, Variation ; 1958, *Summerspace), M. *Marsicano (1952, Three Dances ; 1954, Figure of Memory) ou P. *Taylor (Images and Reflections, 1958 ; Meridian, 1960).
EQ
Fenice (Ballet et École du Gran Teatro, la).
Compagnie et école de danse attachées à la Fenice de Venise.
Dès son inauguration en 1792, le théâtre de la Fenice accueille des représentations de spectacles chorégraphiques. De nombreux danseurs et chorégraphes italiens viennent y travailler (O. et S. *Viganò, F. *Clerico, Lorenzo Panzieri, Giacomo Onorati, G. *Gioja, G. *Galzerani). En 1838, A. *Cortesi y présente sa version de la *Sylphide (avec A. *Brugnoli), inaugurant la période romantique durant laquelle se produisent des artistes renommés (N. *Fitzjames, F. *Cerrito, A. *Saint-Léon, F. *Elssler). L'intérêt porté à la danse s'amenuise à la fin du XIXe siècle et reprend dans les années 1920. Sont ensuite programmés des compagnies et chorégraphes importants, dont le Ballet du marquis de *Cuevas, A. von *Milloss, R. *Petit, grâce à la fondation, en 1930, du Festival internazionale di Musica contemporanea. En 1976, S. *Bussotti crée l'éphémère Baletto della Fenice (E. *Poliakov, *maître de ballet), dissous au début des années 1980, et, de 1981 à 1984, C. *Carlson y anime le groupe Teatrodanza La Fenice. Entre-temps et depuis, la présence de la danse à la Fenice est assurée par des compagnies en tournée, telles celles de M. *Béjart et de P. *Bausch.
Créée en 1832, l'École forme les interprètes destinés à intégrer le corps de ballet. Des maîtres exclusivement italiens s'y succèdent, dont G. *Viganò (1838-1858), et parmi les élèves figure G. *Rota. Elle ferme en 1862 et ne renaît que pour trois ans durant les années 1940.
RZ
Bibliographie. R. Zambon, « Il Gran Teatro La Fenice », La Danza in Italia, Gremese, Rome, 1998.
Molissa FENLEY (née en 1954).
Danseuse et chorégraphe américaine.
Née aux États-Unis, élevée au Nigeria et en Espagne, elle étudie la danse à Mills College (Californie), puis s'installe à New York (1976), où elle est interprète notamment pour Carol Conway et A. *DeGroat. Nourrie autant de ses souvenirs de danses africaines que de concepts contemporains, elle emprunte au courant *postmoderne ses modes de composition (répétition, travail sur partition, etc.) et signe des pièces marquées d'un travail spécifique sur les bras (Planets, 1978 ; The Willies, 1978), et surtout sur la vitesse (Mix, 1979). Elle est l'une des chorégraphes marquantes des années 1980 et de l'après-génération *Judson.
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Autres chorégraphies. A Descent into the Maelstrom (1986, Australian D. Th.) ; Feral (1986, Ohio Ballet) ; Provenance Unkown (1989) ; Savana (1995). Bibliographie. S. Banes, "Drice", She Said : The Dance of Molissa Fenley", in Writing Dancing in the Age of Postmodernism, Wesleyan Univ. Press, 1994.
Victor Ferrari (né en 1919).
Danseur et pédagogue argentin.
Élève, entre autres, de Dora Grande, d'E. *Bulnes et de M. *Borowski, il est primer bailarín du *Teatro Colón de 1947 à 1951. Avec M. *Ruanova, il crée *Joan de Zarissa, et *Hamlet de T. *Gsovska, ainsi que le *Boléro d'A. *Milloss. Il mène une importante carrière européenne, se produisant à la *Scala, l'Opéra de *Vienne et celui de *Paris (avec Adela Adamova) et dans les grands festivals italiens, recevant de nombreux prix internationaux. Sa présence et son excellent répertoire artistique font de lui une des figures emblématiques du ballet argentin. Il se dédie aujourd'hui à l'enseignement dans son pays natal.
AF
Amalia FERRARIS (1828-1904).
Danseuse et pédagogue italienne.
Après des études avec Claudio Chouchoux à Turin, elle suit des cours privé avec C. *Blasis à Milan. Elle débute à la *Scala en 1841 comme prima ballerina di mezzo carattere dans la *Sylphide de Ph. *Taglioni et interprète Myrta (*Giselle) au *Teatro Regio de Turin en 1842. Elle effectue ensuite de nombreuses tournées en Italie, se produit au Her Majesty's Theatre de Londres (1850) et au Hofoper de *Vienne (1852). En 1856, elle débute à l'Opéra de *Paris dans les Elfes (*Mazilier) puis danse en 1857 dans Marco Spada (id.) où elle rivalise avec C. *Rosati. T. *Gautier écrit pour elle *Sacountala (1858, L. *Petipa) et la même année elle est acclamée à Saint-Pétersbourg dans Éoline et *Faust de J. *Perrot. En 1861, elle danse dans l'Étoile de Messine (*Borri) à l'Opéra de Paris qu'elle quitte en 1863. Elle se produit alors à Londres et Bruxelles avant de terminer sa carrière de danseuse en Italie où elle danse encore à la Scala en 1868. Elle se consacre ensuite à l'enseignement à Paris. Pa sa capacité à mêler grâce et légèreté avec les artifices de la virtuosité technique, exaltée même par *Blasis, elle est considérée comme la nouvelle Taglioni.
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Alessandra FERRI (née en 1963).
Danseuse italienne.
Elle étudie à l'École de la *Scala, puis à celle du *Royal Ballet où elle est engagée en 1980. Elle danse quelques-uns des rôles les plus importants du répertoire au Covent Garden. Restent particulièrement mémorables ses interprétations des ballets de *MacMillan, dont l'Histoire de Manon, *Mayerling et *Roméo et Juliette. En 1985, elle rejoint l'*ABT comme principal dancer, puis devient étoile auprès de M. *Barychnikov. Plus encline aux abandons fortement dramatiques (*Onéguine de J. *Cranko et *Carmen de R. *Petit) qu'au lyrisme romantique (la *Sylphide, *Giselle, l'*Ombre), elle se distingue particulièrement dans la *Bayadère de N. *Makarova et dans de nombreux ballets de R. Petit comme la Voix humaine d'après J. *Cocteau (1994, Piccolo Teatro de Milan), le *Diable amoureux (1990) et *Notre-Dame de Paris (1998, Op. de *Paris et Scala). Elle tourne dans les films Dancers de H. *Ross avec Barychnikov (1986) et La Luna incantata (1992, chor. F. *Monteverde, B. de Toscane). Elle est aussi l'interprète d'une version particulière du *Lac des cygnes à la Scala sous la direction de Franco Zeffirelli (1985).
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