Après avoir composé des partitions pensées pour la danse comme Ballett-Variationen, écrit en 1939 (1958, E. *Walter), Jack Pudding en 1949 (1950, Edgar von Pelchzgrim), Rosa Silber en 1950 (1958, ? ? ? ? Kretschmar) et Labyrinthen1951 (1957, Gsovska ; 1997, M? ? ? ? Baldwin), fasciné par la danse et le corps en mouvement, Henze insère des moments chorégraphiques dans des opéras comme Boulevard Solitude (1951) et König Hirsch (1952-1955). Il obtient son premier succès international avec l'*Idiot (1952), *ballet pantomimed'après une idée de Gsovska. Vient ensuite Maratona (1957, Berlin), ballet néoréaliste sur un sujet de Luchino Visconti, créé par D. *Sanders et interprété par J. *Babilée, dont le titre fait allusion à un marathon de danse qui se déroule à la périphérie de Rome. À la demande de F. *Ashton, il crée *Undine (1958), une de ses partitions les plus douces et élégantes, chorégraphiée maintes fois. En 1964, il reprend un ancien travail, Pas d'action (1954, V. *Gsovski), pour écrire le ballet Tancrède dédié à R. *Noureev (1966).
ESpe
Autres compositions. Des Kaisers Nachtigall (1959, Di Majo) ; *Orpheus (1979, W. *Forsythe ; 1986, Ruth Berghaus ; 1988, H. *Spoerli) ; le Fils de l'air (1997, Marty). Sur la musique de Henze. P. *Van Dijk (Anrufung Apolls, 1949) ; J. *Cranko (Fragmente, 1968) ; G. *Tetley (Gemini, 1973 ; Tristan, 1974) ; J. *Neumeier (Einhorn, 1986) ; R. *Cohan (In memory, 1989).
Amalia HERNÁNDEZ (née en 1918).
Danseuse, chorégraphe et pédagogue mexicaine.
Elle étudie la danse classique et les rythmes indigènes dès l'âge de huit ans avec les sœurs *Campobello. Elle participe au mouvement de la danse moderne mexicaine et étudie la danse espagnole avec la *Argentinita. En 1952, elle fonde et dirige le Ballet Folklórico de Mexico, où elle développe un concept de danse théâtrale et crée un large répertoire de danses d'inspiration préhispaniques et créoles. En 1961, au théâtre Sarah-Bernardt (Paris), elle obtient une consécration internationale avec Feria en Jalisco (1958) et la Danza del venado (1960), qui lui valent le premier prix du Festival des nations.
IC
Ferdinand HEROLD (1791-1833).
Compositeur français.
Né dans une famille de musiciens, il complète ses études avec R. *Kreutzer et N. *Méhul. Prix de Rome en 1812, il a la possibilité de connaître de très près l'opéra italien. Rentré à Paris en 1816, il obtient le succès avec les opéras-comiques la Clochette (1817), les Rosiers (1817) et surtout Zampa (1831) et le Pré-aux-clercs (1832), où il essaye de trouver un équilibre entre les goûts italiens, français et allemands. Auteur de ballets pour J-P. *Aumer (la *Somnambule, 1827 ; Astolphe et Joconde, 1827 ; la *Belle au bois dormant, 1829 ; la Noce de village, 1830), il signe également la partition de la *Fille mal gardée pour la reprise par Aumer du ballet de J. *Dauberval en 1828.
EQ
André-Philippe HERSIN (1934-1998).
Critique français.
Fondateur, en 1968, de la revue les Saisons de la danse, qu'il dirige jusqu'à sa mort, conseiller artistique averti, membre du jury de concours internationaux (*Moscou, *Varna, *Paris), il se voue avec une passion lucide au rayonnement de la danse. Polémiste brillant, il est l'ardent défenseur de M. *Béjart, du ballet français et des chorégraphes qu'il découvre, encourage et critique d'une plume alerte et percutante.
MFC
Peter Ludwig Hertel (1817-1899).
Compositeur allemand.
Il collabore régulièrement au Hofoper de Berlin avec Ph. *Taglioni pour qui il écrit et adapte les musiques de nombreux ballets dont Satanella (1852), Ballanda (1855), les *Aventures de Flick et Flock (1858), Sardanapale (1865) et sa version de la *Fille mal gardée (1864). Parfois critiqué pour son peu d'originalité, il sait si bien se gagner les faveurs du public grâce à de vifs effets - comme l'usage de sifflets et clochettes dans le galop du feu d'artifice de Flick et Flock - que ses musiques sont souvent publiées à Berlin et Milan dans des transcriptions pour piano et fanfare.
ATos
Charles HICKS (1830-1902).
Producteur américain.
Après la guerre de Sécession, il est l'un des premiers producteurs afro-américains à organiser et à connaître le succès avec une troupe de *minstrels shows. Ce sont les fameux Georgia Minstrels, qu'il crée en 1865. Confronté à la discrimination raciale, il est forcé de céder sa troupe en 1872 à un riche imprésario blanc : Charles Callender, qui propulsera les Callender's Original Georgia Minstrels vers le succès. Pendant sa carrière d'artiste et de producteur, Hicks fait tourner des troupes afro-américaines au Canada, en Europe, en Australie et à Java, où il meurt en 1902, rêvant toujours de reconstituer sa propre compagnie de minstrels shows.
ESe
High School of Performing Arts (Département danse).
École des arts du spectacle, New York.
En 1936, le maire de New York, Fiorello LaGuardia, fonde la High School of Music and Art, permettant à des lycéens des établissements publics de la région new-yorkaise de cultiver leurs dons pour le spectacle tout en suivant un cursus traditionnel. C'est la première école publique subventionnée des États-Unis qui fournisse une éducation gratuite à des élèves talentueux. En 1948 s'ouvre dans le quartier des théâtres une autre école, la School of Performing Arts, qui forme aux professions de la danse, de la musique et du théâtre. En 1961, les deux écoles fusionnent officiellement, en attendant de s'installer dans un même immeuble au Lincoln Center. En 1969, le nouveau bâtiment est baptisé Fiorello LaGuardia High School of Performing Arts, mais il n'est inauguré qu'en septembre 1984, avec ses propres salles de concert et de théâtre.
L'école acquiert très vite une réputation d'excellence au niveau international. Les critères d'admission tiennent compte du potentiel et des réalisations des candidats. E. *Feld, B. *Marks, A. *Mitchell, E. *Villella et Desmond Richardson notamment en sont diplômés. En 1984, le film Fame, dont l'action se déroule dans l'école, contribue à la rendre célèbre auprès du grand public, de même que le feuilleton du même nom tiré du film pour la télévision.
RS
Rosella HIGHTOWER (née en 1920).
Danseuse et pédagogue américaine.
D'origine indienne, elle travaille à Kansas City et débute en 1938 au *Ballet russe de Monte-Carlo. En 1941, elle est soliste au *Ballet Theatre et en 1945, à l'Original *Ballet Russe. En 1947, elle rejoint le Nouveau Ballet de *Monte-Carlo, dont elle devient l'*étoile vedette. Elle y reste lorsque le marquis de *Cuevas reprend la compagnie, dont elle sera, jusqu'à la mort de celui-ci, en 1961, la star incontestée, tout en faisant une grande carrière d'invitée dans d'autres compagnies En 1962, elle fonde le Centre de danse classique de Cannes, qu'elle dirige depuis et d'où sortent de nombreux solistes de premier plan, et ne cesse par la suite d'enseigner dans le monde entier, notamment au *Ballet du XXe siècle. Directrice du Ballet de l'Opéra de Marseille (1969-1972), puis de celui de l'Opéra de Nancy (1973-1974), de 1981 à 1983 elle est à la tête du Ballet de l'Opéra de *Paris, où elle révèle P. *Dupond et remonte quelques grands ballets comme la *Belle au bois dormant et *Casse-Noisette. Elle dirige ensuite le ballet de la *Scala jusqu'en 1986. En 1988, elle fait un retour touchant à la scène dans L. et eux la nuit de F. *Verret, puis, en 1991, dans Harold et Maud, que le chorégraphe suisse Étienne Frey conçoit spécialement pour elle. Elle est l'épouse du peintre et décorateur Jean Robier.
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