Ses scénographies restent rares. Les premières sont liées à l'aventure des *Ballets suédois (Skating Rink, 1922, J. *Börlin ; la *Création du monde, 1923, Börlin). Il collabore par la suite à deux reprises avec S. *Lifar pour *David triomphant (1937) et *Pas d'acier (1948). C'est pour ce dernier ballet qu'il réalise ses décors les plus audacieux, imaginant notamment un jardin mécanique qu'il représente en délimitant l'espace de la scène par trois sculptures métalliques de grande taille et par un dispositif lumineux cinétique. Il substitue ainsi l'objet concret à la toile et les jeux de lumière aux couleurs du pinceau.
VR
Autres collaborations. J. *Charrat (Léonard de Vinci, quatre gestes pour un Génie, 1952).
Pierina Legnani (1863-1923).
Danseuse italienne.
Elle fait ses études à la *Scala et débute, dès 1888, une carrière internationale qui la conduit à Londres (*Alhambra), Paris (Eden-Theatre) et Madrid. Première danseuse à la Scala en 1892, elle paraît dans Rodope (R. *Grassi) et Bianca di Nevers (*Pratesi) puis quitte l'Italie pour la Russie en 1893. Après avoir dansé pendant deux mois à Moscou au Théâtre Fantaisie, elle rejoint le *Mariinski, où elle est première danseuse jusqu'en 1901. Elle y débute dans la création de *Cendrillon (1893) et, surtout, prend part à celle du *Lac des cygnes (1895). Elle danse par la suite dans de nombreuses créations de M. *Petipa (la Halte de la cavalerie, 1896 ; Barbe-Bleue, 1896 ; la Perle, 1896 ; *Raymonda, 1898) ainsi que dans des reprises (le Talisman, 1895 ; le *Corsaire, 1899). Dès son arrivée en Russie, elle fait sensation par sa technique prodigieuse, enchaînant notamment 32 *fouettés consécutifs dans Cendrillon. Les danseuses russes s'ingénient aussitôt à l'imiter. Toutefois, au cours de son séjour à Saint-Pétersbourg, son style évolue vers plus de lyrisme sous l'influence de l'*école russe. Elle est la première à porter en Russie le titre de prima ballerina assoluta. Elle fait ses adieux à la scène dans Camargo (1901) chorégraphié par Petipa et se retire en Italie.
ESou
Manuel LEGRIS (né en 1964).
Danseur français.
Formé à l'École de danse de l'Opéra de *Paris, il est engagé dans le ballet en 1981 (*étoile en 1986). Sa carrière nationale et internationale prend son envol dès 1983 quand R. *Noureev lui confie le rôle de Jean de Brienne dans *Raymonda. En 1984, il remporte le premier prix du Concours d'Osaka avec E. *Maurin qui reste une partenaire d'élection (*Giselle ; le Parc, A. *Preljocaj).
Son physique juvénile, sa présence élégiaque (*In the Night, J. *Robbins) et son lyrisme en font l'interprète idéal des princes (le *Lac des cygnes) et des jeunes premiers tourmentés (*Roméo et Juliette, Noureev ; *Mirages, S. *Lifar ; *l'Arlésienne, R. *Petit ; Histoire de *Manon, K. *MacMillan). Technicien précis et aérien, il possède une petite *batterie d'une pureté exceptionnelle (*Études ; *Napoli ; la *Sylphide, P. *Lacotte). Il participe à des créations importantes comme Arepo (1986, M. *Béjart), *In the Middle, Somewhat Elevated (W. *Forsythe), Magnificat (1987) de J. *Neumeier dont il est souvent l'invité au Ballet de *Hambourg.
SJM
Franz LEHÁR (1870-1948).
Compositeur autrichien.
Violoniste puis chef de musique militaire, il obtient la gloire avec l'opérette la Veuve joyeuse (1905) qui inspire à R. *PageVilia (1953) et à R. *HyndThe Merry Widow (1975, m. en sc. R. *Helpmann). M. *Béjart en donne également sa version en 1963 après avoir utilisé la valse l'Heure exquise dans la Reine verte (1962) reprise dans Comédie (1967). La musique de Lehár est aussi souvent associées à celle de J. *Strauss (Valses de Vienne , 1977, G. *Balanchine ; Opéretta, 1985, Béjart ; Ich schenk mein Herz, 1987, R. *Hoffmann).
JRou
Maurice LEHMANN (1895-1974).
Metteur en scène et directeur de théâtre français.
Il dirige plusieurs scènes parisiennes, dont celle du Châtelet, avant de devenir administrateur de la Réunion des Théâtres Lyriques Nationaux de 1945 à 1946, puis de 1951 à 1955. Il institue le défilé du corps de ballet (chor. A. *Aveline, mus. H. *Berlioz, 1945), invite le chorégraphe H. *Lander, met en scène les *Indes Galantes (1952) et Obéron (195?), en laissant libre cours à son goût pour les productions à grand spectacle, et favorise la création de ballets d'envergure (Blanche-Neige, 1951 ; Cinéma, 1953 ; les *Noces fantastiques, 1955). Arrivé à la tête de l'Opéra de *Paris dans les pires conditions (renvoi de J. *Rouché, interdiction de représenter les ballets de S. *Lifar, écarté à la Libération), il réussit à attirer un public affluent et redonne un lustre prestigieux à la compagnie.
GP, NL
Aivars LEIMANIS (né en 1958).
Danseur et chorégraphe letton.
Diplômé de l'École de ballet de Riga, il est engagé par E. *Maximova et V. *Vassiliev pour leurs tournées en Europe et en Amérique (1987-1995), où il s'illustre particulièrement dans les rôles de Basile, Albrecht, Armand ou Artinov (Aniouta, *Vassiliev). Maître ès arts du *GITIS en 1995, il signe ses premières chorégraphies à Riga avec la Vie (1996, mus. A. *Dvořák) et Atlantis (1998, mus. Janis Ivanovs).
BH
Gertrud LEISTIKOV (1885-1948).
Danseuse, chorégraphe et pédagogue néerlandaise d'origine allemande.
Elle se forme auprès de Hade Kallmayer, à Berlin, où elle donne son premier récital en solo en 1910. Elle tourne ensuite régulièrement en Allemagne, en Russie et en Suisse. En 1921, elle s'installe à Amsterdam, où elle ouvre une école. Elle est l'une des pionnières de la danse moderne aux Pays-Bas. D. *Collin figure parmi ses élèves.
PLM
Gérard LEMAITRE (né en 1936).
Danseur et maître de ballet français.
Formé à l'école du Théâtre du Châtelet à Paris, il y débute dans le Ballet. Il danse ensuite au Ballet Marigny, aux Ballets de Paris de R. *Petit, dans la compagnie de George Reich et dans celle du marquis de *Cuevas. En 1960, il entre au *Nederlands Dans Theater, où il crée de nombreux ballets comme soliste, et où H. *Van Manen règle pour lui Opus Lemaitre (1972). En 1983, il devient maître de ballet du *Scapino Ballet.
GP
Osvalds LEMANIS (1903-1965).
Danseur, chorégraphe et directeur de ballet letton.
Élève de N. *Sergueïev, puis de B. *Nijinska et de L. *Massine, il devient soliste (1926), puis premier danseur (1928) au Ballet de l'Opéra de Riga, qu'il dirige de 1934 à 1944. Danseur puissant, partenaire d'O. *Spessivtseva à Paris en 1933 et 1935, il excelle dans les rôles classiques (Siegfried, Conrad, Basile, etc.). Sous sa direction, le Ballet de l'Opéra de Riga développe un style grandiose, héroïque et brillant qui en fait une des meilleures compagnies du moment en dehors de la Russie : il y signe notamment Victoire de l'amour (1935, mus. Janis Kalnins), premier ballet sur un thème national letton, puis le Rossignol et la rose (mus. Kalnins) et des versions d'*Esméralda, la Fontaine de Bakhtchissaraï. Il chorégraphie également *Judith (1938) pour le *Teatro Colón. En 1944, il fuit la guerre ; émigré à Detroit (États-Unis) en 1950, il y ouvre une école et enseigne au Collège de musique.
BH
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