L'animal météorisé respire difficilement et peut mourir asphyxié. Il faut évacuer les gaz par trocardage et, dans le cas de la météorisation spumeuse, administrer un produit antimousse (silicone, huiles végétales, citrate d'acétyl butyl, poloxalène).
Pour éviter la météorisation, on doit limiter la consommation de certains fourrages (légumineuses très jeunes, couvertes de rosée, etc.).
Bougler/Gallouin
météorologie
Science étudiant les phénomènes atmosphériques et les lois qui les régissent en vue d'une meilleure prévision du temps et d'une prédiction avisée de ses conséquences sur l'environnement et les activités humaines.
En France, Météo France est un service public, rattaché au ministère des Transports, qui est chargé de gérer et d'exploiter les stations météorologiques du territoire et les banques de données ; ce service est en charge du développement de la recherche météorologique et de ses applications. Les services régionaux sont à même de fournir des études climatiques, agroclimatiques, et de mettre au point avec divers partenaires techniques ou de la recherche des modèles de prévision et d'avertissements adaptés aux besoins de l'agriculture (irrigation, gel, sécheresse, intervention phytosanitaire).
Perrier
méthane
Hydrocarbure de formule CH4, formé lors de la décomposition anaérobie de matières organiques.
Les déjections animales sont une source importante de méthane.
Bermond
méthionine
Acide aminé soufré indispensable à l'homme et aux animaux monogastriques.
Lapierre
métis, métisse
Plante ou animal issu du croisement de deux individus de même espèce, mais de races ou de variétés différentes.
Bougler/Gallouin
métrite
Inflammation de l'utérus.
La métrite est due en général à une infection bactérienne, contractée le plus souvent lors d'une mise bas dans de mauvaises conditions d'hygiène, plus rarement par voie vénérienne ; elle se rencontre chez toutes les espèces animales.
Lorsqu'elle est aiguë, on observe dans les jours qui suivent la mise bas des efforts expulsifs, de la fièvre et des écoulements vulvaires nauséabonds ; des complications de péritonite, de septicémie et parfois la mort sont possibles. Le traitement consiste à faire évacuer le contenu de l'utérus et à traiter l'animal par antibiothérapie. La forme chronique se manifeste plus tardivement après la mise bas : l'état général est peu modifié, les écoulements vulvaires sont variables et surviennent parfois uniquement lors des chaleurs ; la conséquence est surtout l'infertilité. Le traitement, plus difficile, fait appel à des contracturants de l'utérus ou à des antibiotiques.
Mialot
métrite-mammite-agalactie
Ensemble de symptômes d'origine multifactorielle (infection, alimentation lors de la gestation, conditions de mise bas) apparaissant dans les 3 jours suivant la mise bas de la truie.
La truie, couchée en général, présente des mamelles congestionnées, de l'anorexie, de la fièvre, parfois des écoulements vulvaires discrets ou de la constipation et surtout l'absence de sécrétion lactée qui provoque la diarrhée et la mort des porcelets. Il faut traiter l'infection et nourrir les porcelets ; la prévention repose sur une bonne hygiène des truies à l'entrée en maternité et lors de la mise bas ainsi que sur une prévention de la pathologie urinaire.
Mialot
meule
1. Corps solides, généralement en pierre, servant à moudre le grain des céréales pour le réduire en farine, par frottement de l'une (la meule mobile ou tournante) contre l'autre (la meule immobile ou dormante). 2. Tas de foin ou de paille, de forme conique, élevé en plein champ, et parfois coiffé pour le protéger de la pluie. 3. Plate-bande, composée de fumier, destinée à la culture du champignon de couche.
Mazoyer
meunerie
Activité industrielle qui transforme le blé en farine.
La mouture est une opération relativement simple sur le plan technologique : le broyage des grains et la séparation de la farine et des issues s'effectuent par des méthodes mécaniques facilement industrialisables. Les principales évolutions du secteur au cours des 20 dernières années ont concerné l'augmentation des débits de traitement et l'automatisation des moulins.
La meunerie connaît en France depuis plusieurs années un mouvement de restructuration qui conduit à une diminution régulière du nombre de moulins. Actuellement, on en compte encore environ 700. Toutefois, un petit nombre de grands groupes industriels concentre plus de la moitié de la capacité d'écrasement totale. Le marché intérieur utilise environ 3,5 millions de tonnes de farine, dont 70 % pour la panification et 20 % pour les autres industries alimentaires.
Remeuf
meunier, meunière
Personne qui dirige une meunerie ou un moulin.
Bermond
meusse
Se dit d'un bélier qui n'a pas de cornes.
Bougler/Gallouin
micocoulier
Arbres dont le bois dur fournit des manches d'outils (genre Celtis, famille des ulmacées).
Décourt
microbiologie
Étude des organismes invisibles à l'œil nu, de taille inférieure à 0,1 mm (bactéries, virus, levures, moisissures, protozoaires, etc.).
En s'appuyant sur d'autres disciplines (biochimie, biologie moléculaire et cellulaire), la microbiologie permet de mieux comprendre et de mieux maîtriser les phénomènes dans lesquels les micro-organismes sont impliqués : pathogénies, virulence, transformations agroalimentaires, fertilité des sols, dépollution.
Davila
microbisme
Terme peu précis utilisé pour désigner le degré d'infection d'un élevage ou d'un bâtiment d'élevage.
Le microbisme est fonction de la densité animale et de la conduite des élevages.
Bougler/Gallouin
microclimat
Ensemble de conditions météorologiques locales (sur quelques km) caractérisant le fonctionnement énergétique, hydrique, et les grands cycles au sein d'un milieu.
Le microclimat dépend de la topographie, de la couverture végétale ou de l'écosystème et de leurs imbrications spatiales. Tout aménagement de l'espace rural doit tenir compte de ces microclimats en inter-action avec le paysage (on considère le microclimat d'un paysage, d'une vallée, d'un site, d'une île, d'une ville, d'une serre, etc.).
Perrier
microflore
Ensemble des organismes microscopiques présents dans un milieu.
Davila
microgranulé
Petit granulé contenant un herbicide.
La plus grande dimension d'un microgranulé est comprise entre 0,15 et 0,60 mm et sa densité est de 0,75. Épandus mécaniquement, à sec, les microgranulés se répartissent bien sur le sol, et ils se délitent aisément par temps humide.
Mazoyer
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