1. Aux formes conjuguées avec le participe passé, celui-ci reste invariable si le complément direct du verbe, exprimé ou non, est un infinitif ou une proposition subordonnée : une tâche plus ardue qu'il n'avait pensé (= qu'il n'avait pensé qu'elle serait) ; elles ont trouvé plus de compréhension qu'elles n'avaient pensé (= qu'elles n'avaient pensé en trouver) ou qu'elles ne l'avaient pensé (l', pronom neutre, ne reprend pas compréhension mais la proposition principale elles ont trouvé plus de compréhension). 2. Dans les autres cas, l'accord du participe passé se fait normalement avec le complément d'objet direct si celui-ci est placé avant le verbe : la solution qu'il a mûrement pensée (= conçue, imaginée).
CONSTRUCTION
Penser que (+ indicatif ou conditionnel). À la forme affirmative, penser que est suivi de l'indicatif ou du conditionnel : nous pensons qu'il sera présent ; nous pensions qu'il serait présent. À la forme négative ou interrogative, penser que peut être suivi soit de l'indicatif ou du conditionnel (je ne pense pas qu'il viendra ; pensiez-vous qu'il viendrait ?), soit du subjonctif (je ne pense pas qu'il vienne), qui marque plus nettement que l'indicatif l'hypothèse ou le doute.
Penser v.i. = former des idées, avoir une activité de l'esprit consciente et organisée : « Je pense, donc je suis »(R. Descartes).
Meilleur que tu penses, que tu ne le penses. → le, ne
Citations avec penser
Émile Chartier, dit Alain (Mortagne-au-Perche 1868-Le Vésinet 1951) Penser (peser) est fonction de peseur, non fonction de balance. Histoire de mes pensées, Gallimard
Émile Chartier, dit Alain (Mortagne-au-Perche 1868-Le Vésinet 1951) Jamais un orateur n'a pensé en parlant ; jamais un auditeur n'a pensé en écoutant. Propos sur l'éducation, P.U.F.
Émile Chartier, dit Alain (Mortagne-au-Perche 1868-Le Vésinet 1951) Penser c'est dire non. Propos sur la religion, P.U.F.
Émile Chartier, dit Alain (Mortagne-au-Perche 1868-Le Vésinet 1951) Apprendre à ne plus penser, c'est une partie, et non la moindre, de l'art de penser. Esquisses de l'homme, Gallimard
Émile Chartier, dit Alain (Mortagne-au-Perche 1868-Le Vésinet 1951) Le plus difficile au monde est de dire en y pensant ce que tout le monde dit sans y penser. Histoire de mes pensées, Gallimard
Émile Chartier, dit Alain (Mortagne-au-Perche 1868-Le Vésinet 1951) L'homme pense son propre chant, et ne pense rien d'autre. Propos de littérature, Gallimard
Émile Chartier, dit Alain (Mortagne-au-Perche 1868-Le Vésinet 1951) Il n'est pas difficile d'avoir une idée. Le difficile, c'est de les avoir toutes. Propos, Gallimard
Émile Chartier, dit Alain (Mortagne-au-Perche 1868-Le Vésinet 1951) Rien n'est plus dangereux qu'une idée, quand on n'a qu'une idée. Propos sur la religion, P.U.F.
Émile Chartier, dit Alain (Mortagne-au-Perche 1868-Le Vésinet 1951) Il n'y a qu'une méthode pour inventer, qui est d'imiter. Il n'y a qu'une méthode pour bien penser, qui est de continuer quelque pensée ancienne et éprouvée. Propos sur l'éducation, P.U.F.
Émile Chartier, dit Alain (Mortagne-au-Perche 1868-Le Vésinet 1951) Il y a une forte raison de ne pas dire au premier arrivant ce qui vient à l'esprit, c'est qu'on ne le pense point. Éléments de philosophie, Gallimard
Louis Aragon (Paris 1897-Paris 1982) On pense à partir de ce qu'on écrit et pas le contraire. Je n'ai jamais appris à écrire ou les Incipits, Skira
Honoré de Balzac (Tours 1799-Paris 1850) Il n'y a que les gens médiocres pour penser à tout. Pierre Grassou
Georges Bataille (Billom 1897-Paris 1962) Je pense comme une fille enlève sa robe. Méthode de méditation, Gallimard
Jacinto Benavente (Madrid 1866-Madrid 1954) Quand on ne pense pas ce que l'on dit, c'est qu'on dit ce que l'on pense. Cuando no se piensa lo que se dice es cuando se dice lo que se piensa. No quiero, no quiero !, III, 4
Paul, dit TristanBernard (Besançon 1866-Paris 1947) Je suis comme tout le monde : je ne pense à rien. Triplepatte, Librairie théâtrale
Maurice Blanchot (Quain, Saône-et-Loire, 1907-Le Mesnil-Saint-Denis 2003) Penser est désormais ce pas toujours à porter en arrière. Le Livre à venir, Gallimard
Paul Bourget (Amiens 1852-Paris 1935) Académie française, 1894 Il faut vivre comme on pense, sinon tôt ou tard on finit par penser comme on a vécu. Le Démon de midi, Plon
Étienne Bonnot deCondillac (Grenoble 1714-abbaye de Flux 1780) Je regarde la grammaire comme la première partie de l'art de penser. Cours d'étude pour l'instruction du prince de Parme
Georges Moinaux, dit GeorgesCourteline (Tours 1858-Paris 1929) Une dame disait un jour devant moi, d'elle-même, comme la chose la plus naturelle du monde : Je ne pense jamais, cela me fatigue ; ou, si je pense, je ne pense à rien. La Philosophie de G. Courteline, Flammarion
André Isaac, dit PierreDac (Châlons-sur-Marne 1893-Paris 1975) Rien ne sert de penser, faut réfléchir avant. L'Os à moelle, Julliard
René Descartes (La Haye, aujourd'hui Descartes, Indre-et-Loire, 1596-Stockholm 1650) Je pense, donc je suis. Discours de la méthode
Commentaire « Cogito, ergo sum. »
Denis Diderot (Langres 1713-Paris 1784) Ô combien l'homme qui pense le plus est encore automate ! Discours sur la poésie dramatique
Georges Duhamel (Paris 1884-Valmondois, Val-d'Oise, 1966) Académie française, 1935 Il y a toujours du courage à dire ce que tout le monde pense. Le Combat contre les ombres, Mercure de France
Paul Fort (Reims 1872-Argenlieu, près de Montlhéry, Essonne, 1960) Laisse penser tes sens, homme, et tu es ton Dieu. Ballades françaises, La Vision harmonieuse de la terre , Flammarion
Anatole François Thibault, dit AnatoleFrance (Paris 1844-La Béchellerie, Saint-Cyr-sur-Loire, 1924) Académie française, 1896 À mesure qu'on s'avance dans la vie, on s'aperçoit que le courage le plus rare est celui de penser. La Vie littéraire, Calmann-Lévy
Baltasar Gracián y Morales (Belmonte 1601-Tarazona 1658) Penser avec le petit nombre et se faire entendre de la masse. Sentir con los menos y hablar con los más. Oráculo manual y arte de prudencia
Sacha Guitry (Saint-Pétersbourg 1885-Paris 1957) Ce qui probablement fausse tout dans la vie c'est qu'on est convaincu qu'on dit la vérité parce qu'on dit ce qu'on pense. Toutes Réflexions faites, Éditions de l'Élan
Victor Hugo (Besançon 1802-Paris 1885) Je suis un homme qui pense à autre chose. Tas de pierres, Éditions Milieu du monde
Victor Hugo (Besançon 1802-Paris 1885) On jugerait bien plus sûrement un homme d'après ce qu'il rêve que d'après ce qu'il pense. Les Misérables
Jean de La Bruyère (Paris 1645-Versailles 1696) Il y a des gens qui parlent un moment avant que d'avoir pensé. Les Caractères, De la société et de la conversation
Alphonse de Prât deLamartine (Mâcon 1790-Paris 1869) Je suis concitoyen de toute âme qui pense : La vérité, c'est mon pays. Poésies diverses, la Marseillaise de la paix
Léonard de Vinci (Vinci, près de Florence, 1452-château de Cloux, aujourd'hui Clos-Lucé, près d'Amboise, 1519) Qui pense peu se trompe beaucoup. Carnets Chi poco pensa, molto erra.
Claude Lévi-Strauss (Bruxelles 1908-Paris 2009) Nous ne prétendons donc pas montrer comment les hommes pensent dans les mythes, mais comment les mythes se pensent dans les hommes, et à leur insu. Le Cru et le cuit, Plon
Louis XIV (Saint-Germain-en-Laye 1638-Versailles 1715) roi de France On ne fait jamais rien d'extraordinaire, de grand et de beau, qu'en y pensant plus souvent et mieux que les autres. Mémoires
Parménide, d'Élée (Élée, Grande-Grèce, vers 515-vers 440 avant J.-C.) Car c'est la même chose qu'on peut penser et qui peut être. De la nature, fg. 5 Diels (traduction J. Zafiropulo)
Commentaire Phrase citée par Clément d'Alexandrie et Plotin ; son sens est très discuté et les traductions varient beaucoup.
Blaise Pascal (Clermont, aujourd'hui Clermont-Ferrand, 1623-Paris 1662) Travaillons donc à bien penser : voilà le principe de la morale. Pensées, 347
Commentaire Chaque citation des Pensées porte en référence un numéro. Celui-ci est le numéro que porte dans l'édition Brunschvicg - laquelle demeure aujourd'hui la plus généralement répandue - le fragment d'où la citation est tirée.
Raymond Queneau (Le Havre 1903-Paris 1976) - […] Ça m'arrive souvent de ne penser à rien. - C'est déjà mieux que de ne pas penser du tout […]. Pierrot mon ami, Gallimard
Edgar Quinet (Bourg-en-Bresse 1803-Paris 1875) S'il est difficile d'empêcher de penser les peuples qui y sont accoutumés, il est cent fois plus difficile de forcer à penser ceux qui l'ont oublié ou désappris. La Révolution, XXIV, 3
Jules Renard (Châlons, Mayenne, 1864-Paris 1910) Penser ne suffit pas : il faut penser à quelque chose. Journal, 18 juillet 1899 , Gallimard
Arthur Rimbaud (Charleville 1854-Marseille 1891) C'est faux de dire : Je pense. On devrait dire : On me pense. Correspondance, à Georges Izambard, 13 mai 1871
Romain Rolland (Clamecy 1866-Vézelay 1944) Penser sincèrement, même si c'est contre tous, c'est encore pour tous. Clérambault, Albin Michel
Denis de Rougemont (Neuchâtel 1906-Genève 1985) La vraie condition de l'homme, c'est de penser avec ses mains. Penser avec les mains, Gallimard
Charles Augustin Sainte-Beuve (Boulogne-sur-Mer 1804-Paris 1869) Moins on parle, et bien souvent mieux l'on pense. Correspondance, à la princesse Mathilde, 8 février 1865
William Shakespeare (Stratford on Avon, Warwickshire, 1564-Stratford on Avon, Warwickshire, 1616) Il pense trop. Ce genre d'homme est dangereux. Jules César, I, 2, César He thinks too much : such men are dangerous. Julius Caesar, I, 2, Caesar
Henry David Thoreau (Concord, Massachusetts, 1817-Concord, Massachusetts, 1862) Ce qu'un homme pense de lui-même, voilà ce qui règle ou plutôt indique son destin. What a man thinks of himself, that it is which determines, or rather indicates, his fate. Walden, Economy
Boris Vian (Ville-d'Avray 1920-Paris 1959) On commence à avoir des malheurs quand on a cessé de ne penser qu'à soi. En verve, P. Horay
Simone Weil (Paris 1909-Londres 1943) Les collectivités ne pensent point. Oppression et Liberté, Gallimard
Simone Weil (Paris 1909-Londres 1943) Rien au monde ne peut empêcher l'homme de se sentir né pour la liberté. Jamais, quoi qu'il advienne, il ne peut accepter la servitude ; car il pense. Oppression et Liberté, Gallimard
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