(latin ecclésiastique luminaria, du latin classique lumen, -inis)
1. Rayonnement électromagnétique dont la longueur d'onde, comprise entre 400 et 780 nm, correspond à la zone de sensibilité de l'œil humain, entre l'ultraviolet et l'infrarouge.
2. Clarté émise par le soleil, qui éclaire les objets et les rend visibles : Laisser pénétrer la lumière dans la pièce.
8. Espace occupant l'intérieur d'un organe tubulaire (vaisseau ou autre canal de l'organisme).
Armement
9. Ouverture pratiquée dans le canon des anciennes armes à feu et par laquelle on enflammait la charge.
Arts décoratifs
10. Branche d'un candélabre (dont on dira qu'il est à trois, à six lumières, etc.).
Beaux-arts
11. Partie claire, ou plus éclairée que les autres, dans un tableau, une gravure, un dessin. (Souvent au pluriel)
Mécanique
12. Orifice ménagé dans une pièce afin d'y permettre le passage d'une autre pièce, d'un fluide, d'un outil de démontage, etc.
Menuiserie
13. Ouverture située entre la lame et le fût d'un rabot, pour évacuer les copeaux.
lumières
nom féminin pluriel
1. Connaissances possédées par quelqu'un sur tel sujet : J'ai besoin de vos lumières.
2. Feux d'un véhicule : Il a laissé ses lumières allumées.
Expressions avec lumière
lumière
nom féminin
Agir en pleine lumière,
de manière à être visible, connu de tous.
À la lumière de quelque chose,
en fonction des connaissances acquises.
Faire la lumière sur quelque chose,
l'élucider, l'expliquer ; révéler les tenants et les aboutissants d'une affaire.
Habit de lumière,
habit brodé de fils brillants du torero consacré.
Lumière bleue,
lumière dont les longueurs d’onde sont comprises entre 380 et 500 nm et qui est émise par le Soleil mais également, de manière artificielle, par les ampoules LED et les écrans (smartphones, ordinateurs, etc.). (Elle est susceptible d’endommager la rétine et d’influer sur les cycles du sommeil.)
Mettre quelque chose en lumière,
le faire ressortir, le mettre en évidence.
Ne pas être une lumière,
avoir peu de connaissances dans un domaine ; être peu intelligent ou même stupide, idiot.
Revoir la lumière,
recouvrer la vue ; sortir des ténèbres, d'un cachot.
Astronomie
Courbe de lumière,
graphique indiquant la variation d'éclat d'un astre en fonction du temps.
Médecine
Examen en lumière de Wood,
examen employé pour le diagnostic des maladies cutanées, utilisant un rayonnement ultraviolet donnant des effets de fluorescence.
Optique
Lumière froide,
lumière ne renfermant pratiquement pas de rayonnement infrarouge (électroluminescence, bioluminescence par exemple).
Lumière noire,
rayonnement ultraviolet provoquant la fluorescence de certains corps.
Sylviculture
Essence de lumière,
espèce forestière ayant besoin de lumière pour son développement (par exemple le chêne, le pin maritime).
Contraire :
essence d'ombre
Théologie
Anges de lumière,
bons anges, par opposition aux démons, ou anges des ténèbres.
Difficultés de lumière
ORTHOGRAPHE
On écrit une année de lumière, des années de lumière, sans trait d'union, ou une année-lumière, des années-lumière, avec un trait d'union. Dans l'usage scientifique, on emploie aujourd'hui année de lumière de préférence à année-lumière.
Philosophie des lumières (= mouvement philosophique du XVIIIe s.) s'écrit le plus souvent avec une minuscule à lumières, mais on le rencontre également avec une majuscule : le siècle des lumières ou le siècle des Lumières ; « Le marquis professait une haine vigoureuse pour les lumières. Ce sont les idées, disait-il, qui ont perdu l'Italie »(Stendhal).
EMPLOI
On dit éteindre la lumière, donner de la lumière, faire de la lumière (ou, au figuré, faire la lumière surqqch).
recommandation : Allumer la lumière est un pléonasme fréquent dans l'expression orale relâchée. Dans l'expression soignée, en particulier à l'écrit, dire ou écrire : faire (ou donner) de la lumière ou allumer la lampe.
L'année-lumière (dite aujourd'hui année de lumière) est en astronomie une unité de distance et non une unité de temps (c'est la distance parcourue par la lumière en une année). On peut donc dire, en emploi figuré, cela se passait à des années-lumière (= cela se passait très loin), mais non *cela se passait il y a des années-lumière (pour cela se passait il y a très longtemps).
Citations avec lumière
Louis Aragon (Paris 1897-Paris 1982) De la femme vient la lumière. Le Roman inachevé, Gallimard
Bible Dieu dit : Que la lumière soit ! Et la lumière fut. Ancien Testament, Genèse I, 3
Commentaire Citation empruntée à la Bible de Jérusalem.
Bible Tous vous êtes des enfants de la lumière, des enfants du jour. Nous ne sommes pas de la nuit, des ténèbres. Saint Paul, Épître aux Thessaloniciens, Ière, V, 5
Bible Conduisez-vous en enfants de lumière. Saint Paul, Épître aux Éphésiens, V, 8
René Char (L'Isle-sur-la-Sorgue, Vaucluse, 1907-Paris 1988) Il faut souffler sur quelques lueurs pour faire de la bonne lumière. Les Matinaux, Gallimard
René Daumal (Boulzicourt, Ardennes, 1908-Paris 1944) Tout poème naît d'un germe, d'abord obscur, qu'il faut rendre lumineux pour qu'il produise des fruits de lumière. Poésie noire et poésie blanche, Gallimard
Robert Desnos (Paris 1900-Terezín, Tchécoslovaquie, 1945) Les disciples de la lumière n'ont jamais inventé que des ténèbres peu opaques. Corps et biens, Gallimard
Djalal al-Din Rumi (Balkh, Khorasan, 1207-Konya, dans le pays de Rum, 1273) La femme est le rayon de la lumière divine. Mathnawi
Jean Giono (Manosque 1895-Manosque 1970) Quand les mystères sont très malins, ils se cachent dans la lumière. Ennemonde, Gallimard
Commentaire Dernières paroles de Goethe sur son lit de mort, et dont le sens est controversé.
Édouard Herriot (Troyes 1872-Saint-Genis-Laval, Rhône, 1957) Académie française, 1946 Il y a, pour les écrivains français, une qualité plus belle que la couleur : la lumière. Créer, Payot
Victor Hugo (Besançon 1802-Paris 1885) Et l'on voit de la flamme aux yeux des jeunes gens, Mais, dans l'œil du vieillard, on voit de la lumière. La Légende des siècles, Booz endormi
Friedrich, baron von Hardenberg, dit Novalis (Wiederstedt, près de Hettstedt, Saxe, 1772-Weissenfels 1801) La lumière a son temps qui lui est mesuré, Mais le règne de la nuit Ne connaît ni temps ni espace, Le sommeil a pour lui toute l'éternité ! Hymnes à la nuit Zugemessen ward dem Lichte seine Zeit ; aber zeitlos und raumlos ist der Nacht Herrschaft. - Ewig ist die Dauer des Schlafs. Hymnen an die Nacht
Blaise Pascal (Clermont, aujourd'hui Clermont-Ferrand, 1623-Paris 1662) Il y a assez de lumière pour ceux qui ne désirent que de voir, et assez d'obscurité pour ceux qui ont une disposition contraire. Pensées, 430
Commentaire Chaque citation des Pensées porte en référence un numéro. Celui-ci est le numéro que porte dans l'édition Brunschvicg - laquelle demeure aujourd'hui la plus généralement répandue - le fragment d'où la citation est tirée.
Francis Ponge (Montpellier 1899-Le Bar-sur-Loup 1988) Il ne faut cesser de s'enfoncer dans sa nuit : c'est alors que brusquement la lumière se fait. Pour un Malherbe, Gallimard
Pierre Reverdy (Narbonne 1889-Solesmes 1960) La gloire est un vêtement de lumière qui ne s'ajuste bien qu'aux mesures des morts. En vrac, Éditions du Rocher
Edmond Rostand (Marseille 1868-Paris 1918) Académie française, 1901 C'est la nuit qu'il est beau de croire à la lumière. Chantecler, II, 3, Chantecler , Fasquelle
Lequel de ces substantifs masculins se finissant par le son [oir] ne prend pas de « e » ?
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