(variante dialectale de l'ancien français leu, du latin lupus)
1. Mammifère carnivore, à pelage gris jaunâtre, vivant en meutes dans les forêts d’Europe, d’Asie et d’Amérique, appelé aussi loup gris ou loup commun. (Son cri est le hurlement. La femelle est la louve, le petit le louveteau. Famille des canidés.) [Exterminé en France au début des années 1930, le loup y est revenu, depuis l’Italie, au début des années 1990.]
6. Machine de guerre permettant de saisir et d'enlever les béliers employés par l'ennemi pour démolir les murailles (Moyen Âge).
Histoire du costume
7. Demi-masque de velours ou de satin noir (xvie siècle) encore porté au bal masqué.
Textiles
8. Machine qui, grâce à l'action d'un tambour garni de grosses dents métalliques et tournant rapidement, ouvre la laine avant cardage.
Zoologie
9. Nom donné à divers poissons téléostéens marins voraces, notamment au bar.
louve
nom féminin
Femelle du loup.
Expressions avec loup
loup
nom masculin
À pas de loup,
en marchant doucement pour ne pas éveiller l'attention.
Crier au loup,
appeler à l'aide en face d'un danger.
Être connu comme le loup blanc,
être connu de tout le monde.
Faim de loup, appétit de loup,
très grand faim, appétit vorace.
Froid de loup,
froid très vif.
Hurler avec les loups,
se ranger à l'opinion du plus grand nombre ou des plus forts.
Jeune loup,
homme ambitieux, désireux de réussir au plus vite et par tous les moyens dans le monde de la politique ou des affaires.
Loup solitaire,
personne qui, par tempérament ou par goût, travaille, agit ou vit seule ; en particulier, terroriste qui, au nom d’une idéologie, perpétue seul des actes violents (attentat, prise d’otage, par exemple). [La notion est controversée dans la mesure où il s’avère, le plus souvent, que l’auteur de ces actes avait un lien avec une organisation terroriste.]
Se jeter dans la gueule du loup,
s'exposer imprudemment à un grand danger.
Vieux loup de mer,
type de marin ayant beaucoup voyagé de manière rude ; personne qui a une telle expérience qu'on ne peut facilement la berner.
Zoologie
Loup à crinière,
canidé sauvage d'Amérique du Sud, aux membres grêles, portant une crinière cervicale qu'il hérisse volontiers. (Espèce Chrysocyon brachyurus).
Loup antarctique ou loup de Falkland,
canidé sauvage des îles Falkland.
Loup doré,
synonyme de chacal. (Loup marsupial ou loup de Tasmanie, nom commun du thylacine.)
On écrit avec un trait d'union : loup-cervier, loup-garou, chien-loup ; avec deux traits d'union : dent-de-loup, saut-de-loup, tête-de-loup. - Plur. : des loups-cerviers, des loups-garous, des chiens-loups ; des dents-de-loup, des sauts-de-loup, des têtes-de-loup.
On écrit marcher à pas de loup, avec loup au singulier.
Citations avec loup
Théodore Agrippa d'Aubigné (près de Pons, Saintonge, 1552-Genève 1630) L'homme est en proie à l'homme, un loup à son pareil. Les Tragiques
Isaac de Benserade (Paris ? vers 1613-Gentilly 1691) Académie française, 1674 Amants agneaux deviennent maris loups. Poème sur l'accomplissement du mariage de Leurs Majestés
Paul, dit TristanBernard (Besançon 1866-Paris 1947) La femme est une louve pour la femme. La Volonté de l'homme, Calmann-Lévy
Fazıl Hüsnü Dağlarca (Istanbul 1914-2008) Nous, les hommes, nous sommes tous séparés. Dans le ciel fraternisent les oiseaux, et les loups sur la terre. Plein le monde
Jean-Pierre Claris deFlorian (Sauve, Gard, 1755-Sceaux 1794) Académie française, 1788 […] Les loups ne craignent guère Les pasteurs amoureux qui chantent leur bergère. Fables, le Roi et les Deux Bergers
Horace en latin Quintus Horatius Flaccus (Venusia, Apulie, 65-Rome ? 8 avant J.-C.) Le loup attaque de la dent, le taureau des cornes. Satires, I, 1, 52 Dente lupus, cornu taurus petit.
Victor Hugo (Besançon 1802-Paris 1885) Madame, il fait grand vent et j'ai tué six loups. Ruy Blas, II, 3, billet du roi à la reine
Jean de La Fontaine (Château-Thierry 1621-Paris 1695) Ce loup ne savait pas encor bien son métier. Fables, le Loup et le Chien maigre
Jean de La Fontaine (Château-Thierry 1621-Paris 1695) Bergers, bergers, le loup n'a tort Que quand il n'est pas le plus fort ! Fables, le Loup et les Bergers
Jean de La Fontaine (Château-Thierry 1621-Paris 1695) Cela dit, maître loup s'enfuit, et court encor. Fables, le Loup et le Chien
Jean de La Fontaine (Château-Thierry 1621-Paris 1695) Quiconque est loup agisse en loup ; C'est le plus certain de beaucoup. Fables, le Loup devenu berger
Jean de La Fontaine (Château-Thierry 1621-Paris 1695) - Attaché ? dit le loup ; vous ne courez donc pas Où vous voulez ? Fables, le Loup et le Chien
Frédéric Mistral (Maillane, Bouches-du-Rhône, 1830-Maillane, Bouches-du-Rhône, 1914) Troupeau qui mène son gardien est broyé tôt ou tard dans la gueule du loup. Mireille, VII Troupèu que meno soun gardaire Crussis à tèms o tard dins la gorgo dóu loup. Mirèio, VII
Platon (Athènes vers 427-Athènes vers 348 ou 347 avant J.-C.) […] Comme les loups aiment les agneaux. Phèdre, 241d (traduction S. Weil)
Plaute en latin Maccius (ou Maccus) Plautus (Sarsina, Ombrie, vers 254-Rome 184 avant J.-C.) L'homme est un loup pour l'homme. La Comédie des ânes, II, 4 Lupus est homo homini.
Commentaire Cette expression signifie : se trouver dans une position difficile et dont on ne sait comment sortir ; et parfois, au contraire, surmonter une difficulté.
Ivan Sergueïevitch Tourgueniev (Orel 1818-Bougival 1883) On a beau donner à manger au loup, toujours il regarde du côté de la forêt. Récits d'un chasseur, Ermolaï et la Meunière
François Villon (Paris 1431-après 1463) Nécessité fait gens mesprendre* Et faim saillir le loup du bois. Testament, XXI *commettre une faute
François Villon (Paris 1431-après 1463) Sur le Noël, morte saison, Que les loups se vivent de vent […]. Le Lais, II
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