7. Ensemble des structures de l'aile, des empennages et du fuselage d'un avion.
Apiculture
8. Alvéole des rayons de cire construits par les abeilles.
Architecture
9. Unité de base d'un habitat.
Informatique
10. Dans un tableur, case qui se trouve à l'intersection d'une ligne et d'une colonne.
Nucléaire
11. Enceinte étanche, munie de dispositifs de ventilation et de filtration appropriés, utilisés pour manipuler ou stocker des matières radioactives. (La cellule est dite chaude ou de haute activité lorsque la radioactivité des matières est élevée.)
Politique
12. Dans certains partis, groupement d'adhérents ayant une assise professionnelle ou géographique. (La cellule constitue l'organisation de base des partis communistes.)
Zoologie
13. Chacun des compartiments délimités par le réseau des nervures des ailes d'insectes.
Expressions avec cellule
Biologie
Cellule de Kupffer,
cellule du foie participant à l'absorption des nutriments.
Cellule de Langerhans,
cellule cutanée jouant un rôle de défense immunitaire.
Cellule de Merkel,
cellule cutanée jouant un rôle sensoriel.
Cellule de Sternberg,
cellule pathologique caractéristique de la maladie de Hodgkin.
Cellule embryonnaire,
cellule de formation récente, au rapport nucléoplasmique élevé (gros noyau) et douée d'un grand pouvoir de multiplication.
globule blanc (leucocyte) ou globule rouge (hématie).
Cellule souche,
cellule de l'embryon ou de certains tissus de l'adulte ayant la faculté de se diviser indéfiniment et donnant, à chaque division, une cellule identique à elle-même et une cellule qui donnera à son tour des cellules spécialisées.
Cellule souche pluripotente induite (CSPI),
cellule capable de se différencier en n'importe quelle cellule humaine, obtenue par la modification génétique (reprogrammation) d'une cellule adulte spécialisée. (Les applications en recherche biomédicale sont très variées [maladie de Parkinson, DMLA, etc.], sans poser les problèmes éthiques liés aux cellules souches embryonnaires.)
Botanique
Cellule compagne,
cellule parenchymateuse accolée aux tubes criblés et provenant de la même cellule mère par cloisonnement longitudinal.
Cellule mère,
cellule qui, par sa division, donne naissance à d'autres cellules, fournissant, par exemple, le pollen, le sac embryonnaire, les spores.
Cellules initiales,
cellules à partir desquelles, grâce à des divisions successives, se constituent les différents tissus des tiges et des racines.
Chimie
Cellule électrolytique,
cellule dans laquelle se produisent les réactions électrochimiques.
dispositif qui permet de lire les oscillations du sillon d'un disque en fonction de la fréquence des sons enregistrés.
Synonymes :
phonocapteur - tête de lecture
Électronique
Cellule photoélectrique,
dispositif transformant la lumière en courant électrique. (Les cellules photoémissives utilisent la propriété que possèdent certains métaux alcalins [potassium, rubidium] de libérer des électrons lorsqu'ils sont éclairés ; les cellules photorésistantes mettent en jeu la propriété que possèdent d'autres substances [sélénium ou sulfure de cadmium] d'accuser des variations de résistance sous l'action de la lumière. Enfin, les cellules solaires, ou photopiles, utilisent l'effet photovoltaïque.)
Informatique
Cellule (de) mémoire,
élément de mémoire d'un ordinateur accessible par une adresse.
Météorologie
Cellule anticyclonique,
masse atmosphérique sous haute pression.
Cellule dépressionnaire,
masse atmosphérique sous basse pression.
Mines
Cellule de flottation,
appareil dans lequel on fait la flottation des minerais ou du charbon.
Pour les mots « sandwich » ou « match », quel pluriel faut-il utiliser de préférence en français ?
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