by
[baɪ]preposition
| 1. | [indicating cause, agent]
da
caused /written /killed by causato/scritto/ucciso da a book by Dickens un libro di Dickens |
| 2. | [indicating means, method, manner]
per
to take sb by the hand prendere qn per mano to book by phone prenotare per telefono to pay by credit card pagare con carta di credito to travel by bus /train /plane /ship viaggiare in autobus/treno/aereo/nave by doing sthg facendo qc he got rich by buying property si è arricchito acquistando immobili |
| 3. | [to explain a word or expression]
con
what do you mean by “all right”? cosa vuoi dire con “all right”? |
| 4. | [beside, close to]
vicino a
she was sitting by the window era seduta vicino alla finestra a holiday by the sea una vacanza al mare |
| 5. | [past]
davanti a
to walk/pass /drive by sb/sthg passare davanti a qn/qc |
| 6. | [via, through]
da
come in by the back door entra dalla porta sul retro we came by Oxford siamo passati da Oxford per venire |
| 7. | [at or before a particular time]
entro
I'll be there by eight sarò lì entro le otto by 2002 it was all over nel 2002 era tutto finito by now ormai |
| 8. | [during]
by day /night di giorno/notte |
| 9. | [according to]
secondo
to play by the rules giocare secondo le regole by law per legge |
| 10. | [in arithmetic, measurements]
per
to divide /multiply 20 by 2 dividere/moltiplicare 20 per 2 6 divided by 3 is 2 6 diviso 3 fa 2 |
| 11. | [in quantities, amounts]
a
you can buy it by the metre puoi comprarlo al metro we make them by the thousand(s) li produciamo a migliaia to be paid by the day /week /month essere pagato alla giornata/alla settimana/al mese prices were cut by 50% i prezzi sono stati ridotti del 50% |
| 12. | [indicating gradual change]
day by day giorno dopo giorno one by one uno ad uno little by little poco a poco |
| 13. | [indicating nature or profession]
by nature di natura by profession /trade di professione/mestiere |
by
[baɪ]adverb
→ go → pass, etc.
by and large
adverb
per lo più
(all) by oneself
adverb
da solo ( f sola)
(all) by oneself
adjective
tutto ( f tutta) solo ( f sola)
I'm all by myself today oggi sono tutto solo
