7. En linguistique structurale, chacun des étages successifs de l'analyse, hiérarchiquement subordonnés les uns aux autres, à partir d'une unité supérieure (l'énoncé) jusqu'aux unités élémentaires non analysables en unités plus petites (les traits distinctifs des phonèmes).
Mines
8. Plan horizontal séparant deux étages.
9. Galerie de desserte principale tracée sur ce plan horizontal.
10. Ensemble de tous les ouvrages situés à une certaine cote.
Optique
11. Appareil optique de visée, muni d'un niveau à bulle, permettant de définir des directions horizontales.
Thermique
12. Tube en verre communiquant avec le réservoir d'une chaudière à vapeur et indiquant le niveau du liquide.
Topographie
13. Instrument qui sert à mesurer les différences d'altitude entre les divers points d'un terrain.
Expressions avec niveau
Au niveau de,
en ce qui concerne quelque chose, relativement à, pour ce qui est de : Au niveau de la pensée, cet ouvrage est faible ; à une position située sur la même ligne que ; aux environs de : Avoir une douleur au niveau du cœur.
De niveau,
sur le même plan horizontal : Terrasse qui est de niveau avec le sol.
Être au niveau,
avoir les capacités pour, être à la hauteur de.
Niveau scolaire,
importance des acquisitions scolaires d'un élève, appréciée par rapport aux programmes officiels.
angle formé par la ligne de tir d'une arme à feu avec le plan horizontal.
Synonyme :
angle de tir
Niveau de pointage,
appareil employé pour le pointage en hauteur des armes exécutant un tir indirect.
Bâtiment
Niveau à caoutchouc,
appareil de visée constitué par deux fioles remplies d'un liquide, réunies par un tube souple de grande longueur.
Niveau d'eau,
appareil de visée à liquide, se composant d'un pied supportant un tube métallique qui lui est perpendiculaire et dont les extrémités, relevées à angle droit, sont prolongées par deux tubes de verre. (Utilisé également en topographie.)
Niveau de dessous,
sorte de niveau de maçon fait pour vérifier un plan par-dessous.
Niveau de maçon,
instrument affectant la forme d'un A au sommet duquel pend un fil à plomb. (Si l'angle des deux hanches du A est droit, on a une équerre-niveau. Variante de forme rectangulaire.)
Niveau de pente,
niveau de maçon dont la traverse est graduée de manière à mesurer l'angle d'une pente.
moyenne de la puissance d'un signal, ou d'une grandeur liée à la puissance, telle qu'une tension, prise dans un intervalle de temps et à l'aide d'un appareil donnés.
Géodésie
Lignes de niveau,
lignes d'une surface qui sont les intersections de cette surface par des plans horizontaux.
Surface de niveau,
surface équipotentielle du champ de pesanteur. (La surface des océans au repos, les surfaces d'égale pression atmosphérique sont proches des surfaces de niveau.)
Géographie
Niveau de base,
niveau auquel aboutissent les cours d'eau et en fonction duquel s'élabore leur profil d'équilibre.
Géologie
Niveau structural,
zone de l'écorce terrestre caractérisée par son style de déformations, qui est fonction de la pression et de la température, par conséquent de la profondeur.
Hydrologie
Niveau hydrostatique ou de saturation,
surface supérieure de l'eau d'une nappe aquifère.
Niveau moyen de la mer,
valeur moyenne de la hauteur d'eau observée sur une durée donnée (jour, mois, année).
Linguistique
Niveau de langue,
chacun des registres sociolinguistiques d'une même langue que le locuteur peut employer en fonction des situations et des interlocuteurs (les différenciations peuvent être d'ordre lexical [argot, vocabulaires techniques], phonétique [accent], morphologique ou syntaxique) ; dans un dictionnaire de langue, marque indiquant qu'un mot ou un emploi ne fait pas partie de la langue standard. (On pourra indiquer ainsi que tel mot est familier, populaire ou argotique, ou, au contraire, qu'il appartient à la langue soutenue, littéraire, poétique, classique, etc.)
Niveau seuil,
essai de description d'une compétence minimale de communication dans une langue étrangère.
Mathématiques
Ligne de niveau,
intersection d'une surface de l'espace E3 avec un plan horizontal ou, plus généralement, avec un plan perpendiculaire à l'axe des cotes d'un repère de référence.
Pétrole
Niveau hydrostatique,
hauteur jusqu'à laquelle remonte le brut ou l'eau d'un gisement dans un puits, sous l'influence de sa propre pression.
Physique
Niveau (d'énergie),
chacune des valeurs possibles de l'énergie interne d'un système quantique lié.
Surface de niveau,
surface équipotentielle.
Psychologie
Niveau mental ou niveau intellectuel,
degré d'efficience intellectuelle d'un sujet, apprécié par divers tests psychotechniques.
Test de niveau,
ensemble d'épreuves psychotechniques dont le résultat permet de classer le sujet qui les passe par rapport à un groupe.
Technique
Niveau à bulle (d'air),
niveau formé d'un tube transparent fermé, enchâssé dans une monture et plein d'un liquide, à l'exception d'une bulle d'air qui par sa position entre deux repères indique l'horizontalité.
Topographie
Courbe de niveau,
ligne passant sur le terrain par les points de même altitude, et sa représentation sur une carte ou un plan.
Synonymes :
courbe hypsométrique - courbe isohypse
Niveau à lunette,
instrument de visée de précision constitué essentiellement d'une lunette horizontale fixée sur deux colliers horizontaux formant alidade.
Homonymes de niveau
nivauxadjectif pluriel
Difficultés de niveau
EMPLOI
Au niveau de. La locution au niveau de est très utilisée dans l'expression orale relâchée avec le sens vague de « dans le domaine de » : les progrès accomplis au niveau de l'émancipation féminine ; les actions bénévoles menées au niveau du quartier. Dans l'expression soignée, en particulier à l'écrit, réserver au niveau de aux domaines où il est possible de distinguer concrètement des hauteurs différentes ou, au figuré, à ceux dans lesquels il existe une hiérarchie, une gradation, une progression : l'ascenseur est resté bloqué au niveau du premier sous-sol ; au niveau des techniciens et des ingénieurs, la prime annuelle est moins importante. Dans les autres cas, préférer en matière de, en ce qui concerne, dans, etc. : les progrès accomplis en matière d'émancipation féminine ; les actions bénévoles menées dans le quartier.
Quelle est la forme du verbe «contredire » à la deuxième personne du pluriel du présent de l'indicatif ?
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