À l'exception de la troisième personne du singulier (qu'il, qu'elle sût), les formes du subjonctif imparfait (que je susse, que nous sussions) sont très rarement employées à cause de leur homophonie avec plusieurs formes de la conjugaison du verbe sucer.
EMPLOI
Le verbe savoir n'admet comme sujet qu'un nom de personne, sauf s'il y a métaphore, métonymie ou personnification : le pays savait que tout espoir était perdu (le pays signifie ici non pas « le territoire national » mais « la population du pays »).
Je ne saurais = je ne peux. Le verbe savoir employé au conditionnel et à la forme négative (avec omission de pas) est un équivalent atténué de pouvoir : on ne saurait accepter une telle situation (= on ne peut l'accepter).
À savoir loc. conjonctive = c'est-à-dire. De nombreux chercheurs, à savoir des historiens et des linguistes, ont participé à ce projet.
recommandation : Éviter d'employer savoir seul pour à savoir.
Que je sache = dans la mesure où je peux en juger. Ce tour s'utilise soit en incise, soit en tête ou fin de phrase, et seulement avec une proposition négative. Il n'a rien fait de si terrible, que je sache.
remarque L'emploi à une autre personne que la première personne du singulier (que tu saches, que nous sachions, etc.) est rare et littéraire.
SENS
Savoir gré de (+ infinitif), savoir gré de ce que (+ indicatif) = être satisfait, reconnaissant de. Je vous sais gré de ce que vous êtes intervenu en ma faveur. Nous vous saurions gré de répondre au plus vite (et non *nous vous serions gré).
Savoir qqn, qqch = avoir connaissance de l'existence de qqn, de qqch. « Je sais un paysan qu'on appelait Gros-Pierrre »(Molière). Cet emploi est aujourd'hui sorti de l'usage.
REGISTRE
Je ne sache pas que (+ subjonctif), exprimant une affirmation atténuée, est du registre littéraire. « Je ne sache pas que vous ayez rien à vous reprocher »(Marivaux). Je ne sache personne, rien... qui, que (+ subjonctif), tour très proche du précédent, relève également de la langue littéraire : je ne sache rien qui vaille un tel sacrifice.
Citations avec savoir
Félix Arvers (Paris 1806-Paris 1850) Le mal est sans espoir, aussi j'ai dû le taire, Et celle qui l'a fait n'en a jamais rien su. Mes heures perdues
Farid al-Din Attar (Nichapur vers 1119-vers 1190 ou vers 1220) Tout ce que tu as su ou vu n'est ni ce que tu as su ni ce que tu as vu. Langage des oiseaux
Georges Bataille (Billom 1897-Paris 1962) Qu'il est beau, qu'il est sale de savoir ! L'Abbé C., Éditions de Minuit
Luís Vaz deCamões (Lisbonne 1524 ?-Lisbonne 1580) Un je ne sais quoi, qui surgit je ne sais d'où, vient je ne sais comment, et fait mal je ne sais pourquoi. Sonnets, 12 Um não sei quê, que nasce não sei onde, Vem não sei como, e dói não sei porquê.
Michel Deguy (Paris 1930) L'amour se résigne à ne pas savoir. Biefs, Gallimard
Bernard Le Bovier deFontenelle (Rouen 1657-Paris 1757) Tout le monde ne sait pas douter : on a besoin de lumière pour y parvenir, et de force pour s'en tenir là. Réflexions sur la poétique
André Gide (Paris 1869-Paris 1951) L'appétit de savoir naît du doute. Cesse de croire et instruis-toi. Les Nouvelles Nourritures, Gallimard
Remy de Gourmont (Bazoches-au-Houlme, Orne, 1858-Paris 1915) Savoir ce que tout le monde sait, c'est ne rien savoir. Promenades philosophiques, Mercure de France
Sacha Guitry (Saint-Pétersbourg 1885-Paris 1957) Le peu que je sais, c'est à mon ignorance que je le dois. Toutes Réflexions faites, Éditions de l'Élan
Marcel Jouhandeau (Guéret 1888-Rueil-Malmaison 1979) Savoir aimer, c'est ne pas aimer. Aimer, c'est ne pas savoir. Algèbre des valeurs morales, Gallimard
Jean-Baptiste Poquelin, dit Molière (Paris 1622-Paris 1673) La faiblesse humaine est d'avoir Des curiosités d'apprendre Ce qu'on ne voudrait pas savoir. Amphitryon, II, 3, Sosie
Henri Monnier (Paris 1799-Paris 1877) On ne va jamais plus loin que lorsqu'on ne sait pas où l'on va, a dit un homme politique célèbre. Mémoires de M. Joseph Prudhomme
Michel Eyquem de Montaigne (château de Montaigne, aujourd'hui commune de Saint-Michel-de-Montaigne, Dordogne, 1533-château de Montaigne, aujourd'hui commune de Saint-Michel-de-Montaigne, Dordogne, 1592) Savoir par cœur n'est pas savoir : c'est tenir ce qu'on a donné en garde à sa mémoire. Essais, I, 26
Blaise Pascal (Clermont, aujourd'hui Clermont-Ferrand, 1623-Paris 1662) Il est bien plus beau de savoir quelque chose de tout que de savoir tout d'une chose ; cette universalité est la plus belle. Pensées, 37
Commentaire Chaque citation des Pensées porte en référence un numéro. Celui-ci est le numéro que porte dans l'édition Brunschvicg - laquelle demeure aujourd'hui la plus généralement répandue - le fragment d'où la citation est tirée.
Pablo RuizPicasso (Málaga 1881-Mougins 1973) Si l'on sait exactement ce qu'on va faire, à quoi bon le faire ? Conversations avec Christian Zervos, 1935 in Cahiers d'art
Commentaire Devise de Pic de La Mirandole, savant universel qui se déclarait capable de tenir tête à quiconque « de omni re scibili ». On fit à sa devise une addition ironique : « et quibusdam aliis » - et sur quelques autres.
Pie II (Enea Silvio Piccolomini) (Corsignano, aujourd'hui Pienza , 1405-Ancône 1464) Plus on sait, plus on doute. Chi più sa, più dubita.
Platon (Athènes vers 427-Athènes vers 348 ou 347 avant J.-C.) Ô humains, celui-là, parmi vous, est le plus savant, qui sait, comme Socrate, qu'en fin de compte, son savoir est nul. Apologie de Socrate, 23b (traduction M. Croiset)
Commentaire Le Banquet : Alcibiade parlant de Socrate : « Son ignorance est générale et il n'y a rien qu'il sache, du moins son apparence est telle. » Ibidem : « Avec les gens il passe toute sa vie à faire le naïf et l'enfant. » Voir aussi Le Sophiste : « Ne point savoir et croire qu'on sait : c'est bien là la cause de toutes les erreurs auxquelles notre pensée est sujette. »
Marcel Proust (Paris 1871-Paris 1922) […] Ce qu'on sait n'est pas à soi […]. À la recherche du temps perdu, À l'ombre des jeunes filles en fleurs , Gallimard
Ernest Renan (Tréguier 1823-Paris 1892) La vérité sera un jour la force. Savoir, c'est pouvoir est le plus beau mot qu'on ait dit. Dialogues et fragments philosophiques, III, Rêves , Lévy
Jean-Jacques Rousseau (Genève 1712-Ermenonville, 1778) Généralement, les gens qui savent peu parlent beaucoup, et les gens qui savent beaucoup parlent peu. Émile ou De l'éducation
Lev [en français Léon] Nikolaïevitch, comte Tolstoï (Iasnaïa Poliana, gouvernement de Toula, 1828-Astapovo, gouvernement de Riazan, 1910) Nous ne savons rien. Le seul espoir de savoir, c'est de savoir tous ensemble, c'est de fondre toutes les classes dans le savoir et la science. Carnet, 28 mars 1861
Quelle est la signification du préfixe « sym » dans « symphonie » ou « symbiose » ?
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