Cet article est extrait de l'ouvrage Larousse « Dictionnaire de mythologie grecque et romaine ».
Le Latium.
Plaine de l'Italie centrale, délimitée à l'ouest par la mer Tyrrhénienne, à l'est par les Apennins, au nord par le Tibre et au sud par les monts Albains.
Ses premiers habitants sont les Ligures et les Sicules ; ils passent ensuite sous la domination des Latins, issus du roi légendaire Latinus. D'autres tribus s'installent dans le Latium, parmi lesquelles, venues des Apennins, les Sabins, les Volsques et les Èques dont le territoire s'étend de l'Anio (affluent du Tibre) à Préneste. Devant la menace que représentent les Volsques et les Èques, Albe la Longue (capitale du Latium) conclut un pacte d'alliance avec Rome. En 338 av. J.-C., le traité est dénoncé et les Latins sont absorbés par leurs anciens alliés. C'est dans le Latium qu'Énée fonde la ville de Lavinium, du nom de sa femme.
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