1. Action, fait de comprendre, de connaître les propriétés, les caractéristiques, les traits spécifiques de quelque chose : La connaissance de la nature.
5. Capacité de quelqu'un en état d'éveil à être conscient de son existence et de la réalité qui l'entoure, état conscient ; conscience (toujours dans des expressions) : Il est tombé par terre sans connaissance.
Religion
6. En style biblique, union charnelle de l'homme et de la femme.
connaissances
nom féminin pluriel
Ensemble de ce qu'on a appris ; notions, culture dans un domaine précis : Approfondir ses connaissances.
se dit de quelqu'un, de quelque chose qu'on connaît : Personne de connaissance.
Donner connaissance de quelque chose à quelqu'un, porter quelque chose à la connaissance de quelqu'un,
l'en informer.
Être en pays de connaissance,
être dans un milieu, une société où l'on ne se sent pas perdu ; se trouver dans une matière, question, domaine où on se sent à l'aise.
Faire connaissance avec quelque chose,
en faire l'expérience pour la première fois.
Faire, lier connaissance (avec quelqu'un), faire la connaissance de quelqu'un,
le rencontrer pour la première fois.
Perdre connaissance,
s'évanouir ; tomber dans le coma.
Prendre connaissance de quelque chose,
l'examiner, l'étudier, le lire, s'en informer.
Reprendre connaissance,
reprendre conscience ; revenir d'un évanouissement.
Venir à la connaissance de quelqu'un,
être appris par lui.
Philosophie
Logique de la connaissance,
selon Karl R. Popper, méthode d'analyse qui concerne les seules relations logiques et qui s'oppose à la psychologie de la connaissance, traitant des faits empiriques.
Théorie de la connaissance,
système d'explication des rapports entre la pensée et les objets, entre l'homme et le monde.
Sociologie
Sociologie de la connaissance,
étude des rapports entre le contenu, l'expression, l'acquisition et le rôle du savoir d'un sujet et les cadres sociaux auxquels il se rattache. (La sociologie de la connaissance a été créée par Karl Mannheim, et se retrouve chez Wright Mills et G. Gurvitch.)
connaissances
nom féminin pluriel
Épreuve normalisée de connaissances,
épreuve standardisée, conçue pour apprécier le niveau de connaissances atteint par des personnes ayant suivi un programme d'enseignement particulier.
Difficultés de connaissance
CONSTRUCTION
Faire connaissance de qqn, de qqch / avec qqn, avec qqch. Les deux constructions sont correctes : il a fait connaissance de ses voisins, avec ses voisins ; il a fait connnaissance de son nouveau poste, avec son nouveau poste.
Faire la connaissance de qqn, de qqch : j'ai fait la connaissance d'un personnage étonnant ; avez-vous fait la connaissance de la région ?
Citations avec connaissance
Émile Chartier, dit Alain (Mortagne-au-Perche 1868-Le Vésinet 1951) La connaissance craque, aussi bien que l'amour, aux hommes sans courage. Sentiments, passions et signes, Gallimard
Jacques Amyot (Melun 1513-Auxerre 1593) C'est un point de grande importance, pour bien mettre son esprit à repos, de se considérer principalement soi-même, son état et sa condition. Œuvres morales, traduit de Plutarque.
Alexandre Arnoux (Digne 1884-Paris 1973) Ô mon fils, connais-toi toi-même, mais pas trop. Cent Sept Quatrains, J. Haumont
Claude Aveline (Paris 1901-Paris 1992) Il n'est pas moins facile de réveiller Lazare que de se retrouver soi-même. Le Point du jour, Mercure de France
Georges Bataille (Billom 1897-Paris 1962) L'homme ne peut se trouver qu'à la condition, sans relâche, de se dérober lui-même à l'avarice qui l'étreint. L'Expérience intérieure, Gallimard
Georges Bataille (Billom 1897-Paris 1962) Du savoir extrême à la connaissance vulgaire, la différence est nulle. Méthode de méditation, Gallimard
Georges Bernanos (Paris 1888-Neuilly-sur-Seine 1948) La charité, comme la raison, est un des éléments de notre connaissance. Sous le soleil de Satan, Plon
Maurice Blondel (Dijon 1861-Aix-en-Provence 1949) La charité est l'organe de la parfaite connaissance. L'Action, P.U.F.
Yves Bonnefoy (Tours 1923-Paris 2016) La connaissance est le dernier recours de la nostalgie. L'Improbable, Mercure de France
Jacques Bénigne Bossuet (Dijon 1627-Paris 1704) Le plus grand dérèglement de l'esprit, c'est de croire les choses parce qu'on veut qu'elles soient, et non parce qu'on a vu qu'elles sont en effet. Traité de la connaissance de Dieu et de soi-même
Paul Bourget (Amiens 1852-Paris 1935) Académie française, 1894 Se découvrir un style, c'est tout simplement avoir le courage de noter les mouvements de son moi. Essais de psychologie contemporaine, Plon
Aimé Césaire (Basse-Pointe, Martinique, 1913-Fort-de-France 2008) La connaissance poétique est celle où l'homme éclabousse l'objet de toutes ses richesses mobilisées. Sur la poésie, Seghers
Paul Claudel (Villeneuve-sur-Fère, Aisne, 1868-Paris 1955) L'homme connaît le monde non point par ce qu'il y dérobe mais par ce qu'il y ajoute. Art poétique, Mercure de France
Paul Claudel (Villeneuve-sur-Fère, Aisne, 1868-Paris 1955) Il ne faut pas comprendre […] Il faut perdre connaissance. Partage de midi, I, Ysé , Gallimard
Dante Alighieri (Florence 1265-Ravenne 1321) Considérez la race dont vous êtes, créés non pas pour vivre comme brutes, mais pour suivre vertu et connaissance. la Divine Comédie Considerate la vostra semenza : fatti non foste a viver come bruti, ma per seguir virtute e conoscenza. Divina Commedia, L'Inferno, XXVI
Philippe Desportes (Chartres 1546-abbaye de Bonport, Normandie, 1606) Aux extrêmes périls, peu sert la connaissance. Amours d'Hippolyte
Georges Duhamel (Paris 1884-Valmondois, Val-d'Oise, 1966) Académie française, 1935 Je ne me défie pas de la machine que je regarde avec curiosité sur son socle ou sous sa verrière. Je me défie de la machine qui est en moi. Paroles de médecin, Mercure de France
Gustave Flaubert (Rouen 1821-Croisset, près de Rouen, 1880) Académie française, 1880 Par cela même que je connais les choses, les choses n'existent plus. L'Éducation sentimentale
André Gide (Paris 1869-Paris 1951) Toute connaissance que n'a pas précédé une sensation m'est inutile. Les Nourritures terrestres, Gallimard
Jean Grenier (Paris 1898-Dreux 1971) L'homme ne peut agir que parce qu'il peut ignorer. Mais il ne voudrait agir qu'en connaissance de cause - funeste ambition. Lexique, Gallimard
Victor Hugo (Besançon 1802-Paris 1885) […] Ce génie particulier de la femme qui comprend l'homme mieux que l'homme ne se comprend. Les Misérables
François, duc de La Rochefoucauld (Paris 1613-Paris 1680) On ne se peut consoler d'être trompé par ses ennemis et trahi par ses amis, et l'on est souvent satisfait de l'être par soi-même. Maximes
François, duc de La Rochefoucauld (Paris 1613-Paris 1680) Nous sommes si accoutumés à nous déguiser aux autres qu'enfin nous nous déguisons à nous-mêmes. Maximes
Laozi ou Lao-tseu (VIe-Ve s. avant J.-C.) Connaître par non-connaissance est très élevé. Tao-tö-king, LXXI
Laozi ou Lao-tseu (VIe-Ve s. avant J.-C.) Plus on va loin, plus la connaissance baisse. Tao-tö-king, XLVII
Claude Lévi-Strauss (Bruxelles 1908-Paris 2009) Le procès tout entier de la connaissance humaine assume le caractère d'un système clos. La Pensée sauvage, Plon
Louis XIV (Saint-Germain-en-Laye 1638-Versailles 1715) roi de France En parlant de nos affaires, nous n'apprenons pas seulement beaucoup d'autrui, mais aussi de nous-mêmes. Mémoires
André Malraux (Paris 1901-Créteil 1976) On ne connaît jamais un être, mais on cesse parfois de sentir qu'on l'ignore. La Condition humaine, Gallimard
Gabriel Marcel (Paris 1889-Paris 1973) Il n'y a d'opinion que de ce qu'on ne connaît pas. Du refus à l'invocation, Gallimard
Pierre Carlet de Chamblain deMarivaux (Paris 1688-Paris 1763) Il n'y a que le sentiment qui nous puisse donner des nouvelles un peu sûres de nous. La Vie de Marianne
Blaise Pascal (Clermont, aujourd'hui Clermont-Ferrand, 1623-Paris 1662) Qu'il y a loin de la connaissance de Dieu à l'aimer ! Pensées, 280
Commentaire Chaque citation des Pensées porte en référence un numéro. Celui-ci est le numéro que porte dans l'édition Brunschvicg - laquelle demeure aujourd'hui la plus généralement répandue - le fragment d'où la citation est tirée.
Ernest Renan (Tréguier 1823-Paris 1892) Le plus simple écolier sait maintenant des vérités pour lesquelles Archimède eût sacrifié sa vie. Souvenirs d'enfance et de jeunesse, Préface , Lévy
Antoine de Saint-Exupéry (Lyon 1900-disparu en mission aérienne en 1944) L'homme se découvre quand il se mesure avec l'objet. Terre des hommes, Gallimard
Charles Augustin Sainte-Beuve (Boulogne-sur-Mer 1804-Paris 1869) Combien de gens meurent avant d'avoir fait le tour d'eux-mêmes ! Pensées
Jean-Paul Sartre (Paris 1905-Paris 1980) Ce n'est pas dans je ne sais quelle retraite que nous nous découvrirons : c'est sur la route, dans la ville, au milieu de la foule, chose parmi les choses, homme parmi les hommes. Situations I, Gallimard
Baruch Spinoza (Amsterdam 1632-La Haye 1677) Le bien suprême de l'âme est la connaissance de Dieu ; et la vertu suprême de l'âme, c'est connaître Dieu. L'Éthique, Livre III Summum Mentis bonum est Dei cognitio, et summa Mentis virtus Deum cognoscere.
Antony Christiaan Winand Staring (Gendringen 1767-Vorden, près de Lochem, 1840) La connaissance mûre écoute, Celle qui n'a pas mûri parle. Dagelijks doen
Georg Trakl (Salzbourg 1887-Cracovie 1914) Seul celui qui méprise le bonheur aura la connaissance. Aphorisme Nur dem, der das Glück verachtet, wird Erkenntnis. Aphorismus
Lequel de ces mots comporte un « i » et non un « y » ?
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