tendance qui s'est développée à partir de la 2e moitié des années 1960, sous la forme d'assemblages et d'installations faisant appel à des matériaux non artistiques (terre, graisse, métaux bruts, feutre, ciment, tubes au néon, éléments sonores…). [Les Italiens Merz, Giovanni Anselmo (né en 1934), Gilberto Zorio (né en 1944), le Grec Jannis Kounellis (né en 1936) ; s'en rapprochent Beuys en Allemagne, qui a anticipé le mouvement, Sarkis en France, ainsi que des Américains comme R. Morris ou R. Serra (art antiform, process art).]
Botanique
Herbe au pauvre homme,
nom usuel de la gratiole.
Thermique
Gaz pauvre,
combustible gazeux à faible pouvoir calorifique.
Versification
Rimes pauvres,
rimes ne portant que sur une voyelle. (Exemple mot et flot.)
pauvre
nom
Le (la), mon (ma) pauvre,
se dit de, à une personne pour qui on éprouve de la pitié, de la commisération : Mais ma pauvre, que voulez-vous que j'y fasse !
pauvre
nom masculin
Avoir ses pauvres,
s'occuper, dans un contexte de bonnes œuvres, de quelques familles pauvres.
Du pauvre,
indique une conception réduite à des éléments appauvris, et destinée à un public non averti : Une philosophie du pauvre.
Grand Bureau des pauvres ou Aumône générale,
institution parisienne de secours à domicile organisé par les bourgeois (vers 1532-1791).
Lois sur les pauvres (poor laws),
nom donné en Angleterre à diverses lois d'aide aux pauvres (xvie-xixe s.).
Nouveaux pauvres,
chômeurs ayant épuisé leurs droits, jeunes à la recherche d'un emploi, etc., qui ne disposent plus des ressources minimales nécessaires pour assurer leur subsistance.
Difficultés de pauvre
CONSTRUCTION ET SENS
Pauvre prend des sens différents selon qu'il est placé avant ou après le nom.
Avant le nom, pauvre signifie « qui est à plaindre, pitoyable » ou « sans capacité, sans caractère, sans intelligence » : le pauvre homme est gravement malade et il n'est pas bien riche ; c'est un pauvre gars, il s'est laissé entraîner. Il s'emploie également par euphémisme (à la place de feu ou de défunt) devant le nom d'une personne décédée : comme mon pauvre père disait toujours...
Après le nom, pauvre signifie « qui n'a que peu de ressources, peu d'argent pour vivre » : c'est une famille pauvre, elle a droit à l'aide sociale.
ACCORD
L'adjectif pauvre conserve la même forme aux deux genres (v. ci-après pauvre, n.) : un pauvre homme, une pauvre femme.
EMPLOI
Pauvre n. = personne qui a peu de biens, de ressources. Un, une pauvre d'esprit.
Pauvresse n.f. = femme que son aspect et en particulier ses vêtements désignent comme indigente : « Là sanglotait une pauvresse agenouillée »(A. Gide) ; elle a de l'argent, mais elle est toujours habillée comme une pauvresse.
remarque Pauvresse est du registre soutenu et dit plus que pauvre.
Citations avec pauvre
Honoré de Balzac (Tours 1799-Paris 1850) Il n'y a que les pauvres de généreux. Le Bal de Sceaux
Bible Il* n'a point méprisé ni dédaigné la pauvreté du pauvre, ni caché de lui sa face. Ancien Testament, Psaumes XXII, 25 *l'Éternel
Commentaire Citation empruntée à la Bible de Jérusalem.
Bible Certes, les pauvres ne disparaîtront point de ce pays ; aussi je te donne ce commandement : tu dois ouvrir ta main à ton frère, à celui qui est humilié et pauvre dans ton pays. Ancien Testament, Deutéronome XV, 11
Commentaire Citation empruntée à la Bible de Jérusalem.
Léon Bloy (Périgueux 1846-Bourg-la-Reine 1917) Le sang du pauvre, c'est l'argent. On en vit et on en meurt depuis des siècles. Il résume expressivement toute souffrance. Le Sang du pauvre, Stock
Jean Cassou (Deusto, près de Bilbao, 1897-Paris 1986) Il n'y a que les pauvres qu'on puisse dépouiller. Le Livre de Lazare, Plon
Horace en latin Quintus Horatius Flaccus (Venusia, Apulie, 65-Rome ? 8 avant J.-C.) L'avare est toujours pauvre : bornez sagement vos désirs. Épîtres, I, II, 55 Semper avarus eget : certum voto pete finem.
Max Jacob (Quimper 1876-Drancy 1944) Le pauvre examine le manteau de saint Martin et dit : Pas de poches ? Le Cornet à dés, Gallimard
Félicité de La Mennais (Saint-Malo 1782-Paris 1854) Il faut aujourd'hui de l'or, beaucoup d'or, pour jouir du droit de parler ; nous ne sommes pas assez riche. Silence au pauvre. Dans le dernier numéro du journal le Peuple constituant 11 juillet 1848
Félicité de La Mennais (Saint-Malo 1782-Paris 1854) Le cri du pauvre monte jusqu'à Dieu mais il n'arrive pas à l'oreille de l'homme. Paroles d'un croyant
François, duc de La Rochefoucauld (Paris 1613-Paris 1680) Le travail du corps délivre des peines de l'esprit, et c'est ce qui rend les pauvres heureux. Maximes
Jean-Baptiste Massillon (Hyères 1663-Beauregard-l'Évêque, Puy-de-Dôme, 1742) Académie française, 1719 Tout ce que vous employez au-delà des besoins et des bienséances de votre état est une inhumanité et un vol que vous faites aux pauvres. Sermons, Sur le petit nombre des élus
Paul Morand (Paris 1888-Paris 1976) Académie française, 1968 Il faut que les pauvres soient si pauvres qu'il ne leur reste plus qu'à se révolter. Le Lion écarlate, Gallimard
Charles Nodier (Besançon 1780-Paris 1844) Académie française, 1833 Il faut bien passer quelque vanité aux pauvres gens. C'est le seul dédommagement de leurs misères. La Fée aux miettes
Marcel Pagnol (Aubagne 1895-Paris 1974) Tu as vu des femmes qui aiment les pauvres ? Topaze, IV, 4, Topaze , Fasquelle
Plaute en latin Maccius (ou Maccus) Plautus (Sarsina, Ombrie, vers 254-Rome 184 avant J.-C.) La loi ne donne pas les mêmes droits au pauvre qu'au riche. La Cassette, III, 532 quando aequa lege pauperi cum divite Non licet
Jean Richepin (Médéa, Algérie, 1849-Paris 1926) Académie française, 1908 Les poux, c'est les puces du pauvre. Le Pavé, Dentu
Jean-Paul Sartre (Paris 1905-Paris 1980) Quand les riches se font la guerre, ce sont les pauvres qui meurent. Le Diable et le Bon Dieu, Gallimard
William Shakespeare (Stratford on Avon, Warwickshire, 1564-Stratford on Avon, Warwickshire, 1616) Hélas ! pauvre Yorick. Alas ! poor Yorick. Hamlet, V, 1, Hamlet
Claude de Trellon (vers1560 vers1611) La cour est un théâtre où l'on voit à la fin Le pauvre venir riche et le riche coquin. Le Portrait de la cour
Dans l'expression « ne pas avoir un sou vaillant », quelle est la nature de « vaillant » ?
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